Studied by 18 people
rod shaped and spherical shape magnification
1500 X
rod shaped bacteria with flagellum magnification
50000X
bacteriophage, adenovirus ( respiratory infections ), rod shaped tobacco mosaic virus magnification
100,000 to 150,000
LAB ( lactic acid bacteria )
Gram-positive bacteria
Convert milk to curd
Increase vitamin B12 content
check disease causing microbes in stomach
E.g. Lactobacillus
cheese
partially degraded concentrate of milk fat and casein ( milk protein )
swiss cheese
propionibacterium sharmanii
has big holes due to CO2 release
roquefort cheese
fungi penicillium roquefortii
camembert cheese
penicillium camembertii
bakers yeast
saccharomyces cerevisae
bread produces
co2 and ethyl alcohol which makes bread porous and soft
swelling of dough
leavening
caused by maltase, amylase, zymase
dosa and idli
fermented rice and black gram
microbe - leuconostoc and streptococcus
traditional drink of south india
toddy - fermenting palm ( caryota urens )
fermentors
graowing microbes in large vessels
alcoholic fermentation
brewers yeast - sacchromyces cerevisiae
ethanol
malted cereals, molassses, fruit juices.
molasses
commom substrate for ethanol production
low alcohol concentration
wine and beer
high alcoholic concentration
whisky brandy and rum
wine
fruit juices
9% to 12%
whiskey
fermented cereals
50%
brandy
fruit juices
60% to 70%
rum
molasses
40%
gin
rye malt
40 %
vodka
potato
60% to 80%
antibiotic
against life ( wrt disease causing )
pro life ( wrt humans )
first antibiotic
penicillin
discovered by alexander fleming
full potential of penicillin
ernest chain howard florey
award noble
alexander fleming
howard florey
ernest chain
aspergillus niger
citric acid
used in dyeing inks meds flavor and preservation
acetobacter aceti
acetic acid
vinegar prep
clostridium butylicum
butyric acid
rancid butter
lactobacillus
lactic acid
curd
aspergillus niger, penicillin
gluconic acid
gluconate source
calcium to infant and lactating mother
lipases
in detergent
remove oily stains
from candida lipolytica and geotrichum candidum
pectinase and proteases
clarify fruit juices
aspergillus niger, byssochlamys fulvo - pectinase
protease - aspergillus and bacillus
strepto kinase
clot buster
from streptococcus
amylase
degrade starch
obtained from aspergillus niger , rhizopus, bacillus
cyclosporine A
immunosuppressive
from fungus trichoderma polysporum
statins
monascus purpureus
blood cholesterol lowering agent
inhibitors for B hydroxy B methylglutaryl
HMG coA reductase
primary treatment
removal of large and small particles through sedimentation and filtration
flocs
masses of heterotrophic bacteria w fungal associations to form mesh like structures
biogas
ch4 h2s co2
pollution of our rivers
ganga action plan ( 1985 ) yamuna action plan
ch4
50 - 70
co2
30 to 40
biogas tech
iari indian agricultural research institute
khadi and villge industrial commission (kvic)
Note 
Flashcard (85)