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Upper Trapezius
O: External occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line, spinous processes of cervical vertebrae via the nuchal line
I: Lateral third of clavicle, acromion process
Middle Trapezius
O: Spinous process of C7 - T3 via the supraspinal ligament
I: Medial aspect of the acromion and spine of the scapula
Lower Trapezius
O: Spinous processes of T4-12 via supraspinal ligament
I: Base of the spine of the scapula
Levator Scapula
O: Transverse processes C1-C4
I: Vertebral border of the scapula between the superior angle and the spine of the scapula
Rhomboid
O: Spinous processes of C7 through T5 via the nuchal and supraspinal ligaments
I: Vertebral border of the scapula between the base of the spine of the scapula and the inferior angle
Serratus Anterior
O: Lateral surface of 1st - 8th ribs
I: Vertebral border of the scapula, anterior surface
Pectoralis minor
O: Anterior surface of 3rd - 5th ribs
I: Coracoid process of the scapula
Deltoid (anterior portion)
O: Lateral third of the clavicle
I: Deltoid tuberosity
Deltoid (middle portion)
O: Acromion process
I: Deltoid tuberosity
Deltoid (posterior portion)
O: Spine of scapula
I: Deltoid tuberosity
Biceps brachii (long head)
O: Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
I: Radial tuberosity of the radius
Biceps brachii (short head)
O: Coracoid process of the scapula
I: Radial tuberosity of the radius
Coracobrachialis
O: Coracoid process of the scapula
I: Medial surface of the humerus near the midpoint
Pectoralis major (clavicular portion)
O: Medial third of the clavicle
I: Lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus (inferior to sternal portion)
Pectoralis major (sternal portion)
O: Sternum, costal cartilage of the first six ribs
I: Lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus (superior to the clavicular portion)
Latissimus Dorsi
O: Via the thoracolumbar fascia, the spinous processes of T7-L5, posterior surface of the iliac crest and sacrum, and lower three ribs
I: Floor of the bicipital groove
Teres major
O: Inferior axillary border of scapula near the inferior angle
I: Medial lip of the bicipital groove
Triceps Brachii (long head)
O: Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
I: Olecranon process of ulna
Triceps Brachii (lateral head)
O: Inferior to the greater tubercle on the posterior humerus
I: Olecranon process of ulna
Triceps Brachii (medial head)
O: Posterior surface of the humerus
I: Olecranon process of ulna
Supraspinatus
O: Supraspinous fossa of the scapula
I: Greater tubercle of the humerus (superior portion)
Infraspinatus
O: Infraspinous fossa of the scapula
I: Greater tubercle of the humerus (posterior portion)
Teres minor
O: Axillary border of the scapula
I: Greater tubercle of the humerus (posterior portion, slightly lower than the infraspinatus)
Subscapularis
O: Subscapular fossa of the scapula
I: Lesser tubercle of the humerus
Brachialis
O: Anterior surface of the distal half of the humerus
I: Ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of the ulna
Brachioradialis
O: Lateral supracondylar ridge on the humerus
I: Distal lateral aspect of the radius proximal to styloid process of the radius
Anconeus
O: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I: Lateral and inferior to triceps on the olecranon process (some fibers on the annular ligament)
Pronator teres
O: Medial epicondyle of the humerus and coronoid process of the ulna
I: Lateral aspect of the radius at its midpoint
Pronator quadratus
O: Anterior distal one-fourth of the ulna
I: Anterior distal one-fourth of the radius
Supinator
O: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus and adjacent ulna
I: Anterior surface of the proximal radius
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (FCU)
O: Medial epicondyle of the humerus via the common flexor tendon
I: Pisiform and base of the fifth metacarpal
Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR)
O: Medial epicondyle of the humerus via the common flexor tendon
I: Base of the second and third metacarpals
Palmaris Longus (PL)
O: Medial epicondyle of the humerus via the common flexor tendon
I: Palmar aponeurosis
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (ECRL)
O: Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
I: Base of the second metacarpal
Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB)
O: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus via the common extensor tendon
I: Base of the third metacarpal
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (ECU)
O: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus via the common extensor tendon
I: Base of the fifth metacarpal
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
O: Common flexor tendon on the medial epicondyle, coronoid process, and radius
I: Side of the middle phalanx of the four fingers
Flexor Digitorum Profundus
O: Coronoid process and proximal three-fourths of ulna
I: Distal phalanx of the four fingers
Flexor Pollicis Longus
O: Radius, anterior surface of the radius, interosseus membrane
I: Distal phalanx of the thumb
Abductor Pollicis Longus
O: Posterior middle portions of radius and ulna, and interosseous membrane
I: Base of the first metacarpal (the thumb)
Extensor Pollicis Brevis
O: Posterior distal radius and interosseus membrane
I: Base of proximal phalanx of the thumb
Extensor Pollicis Longus
O: Posterior middle portions of the ulna and interosseous membrane
I: Base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
Extensor Digitorum
O: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus via the common extensor tendon
I: Base of the distal phalanx of second (index) through fifth (pinky) fingers
Extensor Indicis
O: Distal ulna and interosseous membrane
I: Base of the distal phalanx of the index finger
Extensor Digiti Minimi
O: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus via common extensor tendon
I: Base of distal phalanx of the little finger
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
O: Trapezium and flexor retinaculum
I: Proximal phalanx of the thumb
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
O: Scaphoid, trapezium, and flexor retinaculum
I: Proximal phalanx of the thumb
Opponens Pollicis
O: Trapezium and flexor retinaculum
I: First metacarpal (the thumb)
Flexor Digiti Minimi
O: Hamate and flexor retinaculum
I: Base of the proximal phalanx of the little finger
Abductor Digiti Minimi
O: Pisiform and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris
I: Proximal phalanx of little finger
Opponens Digiti Minimi
O: Hook of the hamate and flexor retinaculum
I: Ulnar border of the fifth metacarpal (the pinky)
Adductor Pollicis
O: Oblique head: Capitate, bases of second and third metacarpals; transverse head: distal two-thirds of palmar surface of the third metacarpal
I: Ulnar side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
Dorsal Interossei
O: Adjacent metacarpals
I: Base of the proximal phalanges of the index, middle, and ring fingers
Palmar Interossei
O: Second, fourth, and fifth metacarpals
I: Base of the proximal phalanx of the index, ring, and little fingers
Lumbricals
O: Tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle
I: Lateral aspect of extensor expansion of the four fingers
Temporalis
O: Temporal fossa
I: Coronoid process and ramus of mandible
Masseter
O: Zygomatic arch
I: Angle, ramus, and coronoid process of mandible
Medial Pterygoid
O: Lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone and the tuberosity of the maxilla
I: Ramus and angle of the mandible
Lateral Pterygoid
O: Lateral pterygoid plate and greater wing of sphenoid
I: Neck of mandible, articular disc, capsule of the TMJ
Mylohyoid
O: Inner aspect of the mandible
I: Hyoid
Geniohyoid
O: Mental spine at midline inside the mandible
I: Hyoid
Stylohyoid
O: Styloid process of the temporal bone
I: Hyoid
Digastric
O: Anterior belly: intermediate tendon, posterior belly: mastoid
I: Anterior belly: inner inferior mandible, posterior belly: intermediate tendon, some fibers attach to hyoid
Sternohyoid
O: Posterior medial end of the clavicle, sternoclavicular ligament, manubrium of sternum
I: Inferior border of the hyoid bone
Omohyoid
O: Inferior belly: superior border of the scapula and suprascapular ligament, superior belly: intermediate tendon
I: Inferior belly: intermediate tendon, superior belly: inferior border of hyoid bone
Sternothyroid
O: Manubrium of sternum and cartilage of the 1st rib
I: Thyroid cartilage
Thyrohyoid
O: Thyroid cartilage
I: Inferior border of the hyoid bone
Sternocleidomastoid
O: Sternum and clavicle
I: Mastoid process
Scalene(s)
O: Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
I: First and second ribs
Splenius Capitis
O: Lower half of nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7-T3
I: Lateral occipital bone; mastoid process
Splenius Cervicis
O: Spinous processes of T3-T6
I: Transverse processes of C1-C3
External Intercostals
O: Lower border of the rib above
I: Upper border of the rib below
Internal Intercostals
O: Upper surfaces of the costal cartilages and rib below
I: Costal cartilage and inferior surface of the rib above
Rectus Abdominis
O: Pubic crest
I: Xiphoid process and costal cartilages of 5th through 7th ribs
External Oblique
O: Lateral surface of lower 8 ribs
I: Iliac crest, pubic tubercle, and linea alba via the abdominal aponeurosis
Internal Oblique
O: Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracic columbar fascia
I: 8th through 12th ribs, linea alba, via the abdominal aponeurosis
Quadratus Lumborum
O: Iliac crest
I: 12th rib; transverse processes of all 5 lumbar vertebrae
Iliocostalis Lumbar Portion (Erector Spinae)
O: Sacrum and lumbar transverse processes
I: Lower borders of angles of the lower 6 or 7 ribs
Iliocostalis Thoracic Portion (Erector Spinae)
O: Angles of lower 6 ribs medial to insertion of the iliocostalis lumborum
I: Upper borders of angles of the upper 6 ribs
Iliocostalis Cervical Portion (Erector Spinae)
O: Angles of the 3rd through 6th ribs
I: Transverse processes of the 4th through 6th cervical vertebrae
Longissimus Thoracic Portion (Erector Spinae)
O: Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae, lumbodorsal fascia
I: Transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae, lower 9 or 10 ribs proximal to the angles of the ribs
Longissimus Cervical Portion (Erector Spinae)
O: Transverse processes of the upper 4 or 5 thoracic vertebrae
I: Transverse processes of the 2nd to 6th cervical vertebrae
Longissimus Capital Portion (Erector Spinae)
O: Transverse processes of upper 4 or 5 thoracic vertebrae; articular processes of lower 3 or 4 cervical vertebrae
I: Posterior margin of the mastoid process
Spinalis Thoracic Portion (Erector Spinae)
O: Spines of the 1st and 2nd lumbar and 11th and 12th thoracic vertebrae
I: Spines of upper 4 to 8 thoracic vertebrae
Spinalis Cervical Portion (Erector Spinae)
O: Spines of the 1st and 2nd thoracic and 7th cervical vertebrae; lower ligamentum nuchae
I: Spines of second, and sometimes third and fourth, vertebrae
Spinalis Capital Portion (Erector Spinae)
O: Transverse processes of upper 6 or 7 thoracic and 7th cervical vertebrae; articular processes of 4th to 6th cervical vertebrae
I: Occipital bone between the superior and inferior nuchal lines
Semispinalis Thoracic Portion (Transversospinalis)
O: Transverse processes of the lower 6 thoracic vertebrae
I: Spinous processes of 1st to 4th thoracic and 6th to 7th cervical vertebrae
Semispinalis Cervical Portion (Transversospinalis)
O: Transverse processes of upper 6 thoracic vertebrae; articular processes of lower 4 cervical vertebrae
I: Spinous processes of 2nd - 5th cervical vertebrae
Semispinalis Capital Portion (Transversospinalis)
O: Transverse processes of upper 6 thoracic and 7th cervical vertebrae; articular processes of 4th to 6th cervical vertebrae
I: Occipital bone
Semispinalis Rotatores (Transversospinalis)
O: Transverse processes of the thoracic vertebra below
I: Lamina of vertebra above
Semispinalis Multifidus (Transversospinalis)
O: Sacrum, posterior sacroiliac ligament; transverse processes of lumbar and thoracic vertebrae; articular processes of lower 4 cervical vertebrae
I: Spinous processes of vertebrae above
Interspinales
O: Spinous process of vertebra below
I: Spinous process of vertebra above
Intertransversarii
O: Transverse process of vertebra below
I: Transverse process of vertebra above
Diaphragm
O: Xiphoid process, ribs, lumbar vertebrae
I: Central tendon
Iliopsoas
O: Iliacus: Iliac fossa
Psoas major: transverse processes, bodies, and intervertebral discs of T12-L5 vertebrae
I: Lesser trochanter
Rectus Femoris
O: AIIS
I: Tibial tuberosity via the patellar tendon
Sartorius
O: ASIS
I: Anterior medial surface of the medial condyle of the tibia (pes anserine)
Pectineus
O: Superior ramus of the pubis
I: Pectineal line of the femur
Adductor longus
O: Anterior pubis
I: Middle third of the linea aspera
Adductor Brevis
O: Inferior ramus of the pubis
I: Pectineal line and proximal linea aspera