ABL1 & ABL2 Drug Quizzes

Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse)

Class 2 CNS Stimulant, Amphetamine
Release Dopamine and Norepinephrine, block reuptake
ADHD and Binge eating disorder (moderate to severe)
30mg daily, up to 70mg daily

Methylphenidate (Ritaline)

Class 2 CNS Stimulant
Increase CNS activity by blocking Dopamine and Norepinephren reuptake
ADHD and Narcolepsy
10mg to 60mg daily, divided 2-3 times immediate release 20mg normal

Donepezil Hydrochloride (Aricept)

Central Cholinesterase Inhibitor, Anti-Dementia
Reversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase for enhanced ACh action
Alzheimers, Dementia (mild to severe)
5mg to 10mg disintegrating, 23mg immediate release

Mematine Hydrochloride (Namenda)

Central Cholinesterase Inhibitor, Anti-Dementia
Acts as an uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist
Alzheimers
5mg to 10mg daily immediate release, 7mg to 28mg daily extended release

Fluticasone Propionate (Flonase)

Allergy, Intranasal Adrenal Glucocorticosteroid
Induce phospholipase A2-inhibitory proteins, inhibit arachodonic acid
Allergic and non-allergic rhinitis, Nasal polyps
2 sprays per nostril per day 200mcg, 744mcg max

Montelukast Sodium (Singulair)

Allergy, Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist
Binds to leukotriene receptors
Asthma, bronchoconstriction, seasonally allergy rhinitis
10mg daily, 2 hours before exercise,

Amoxicillin Trihydrate (Amoxil)

Antibiotic (beta-lactam)
Penicillin derivative inhibits bacterial wall synthesis
Acute otitis media, lower respiratory, Ear, nose, throat, and H pylori GI tract infections, Streptococcal Pharyngitis
775mg daily, up to 3 g daily (1g tid)

Amoxicillin/Clavulanate (Augmentin)

Antibiotic (beta-lactam)
Clavulanate is a beta-lactamase Inhibitor to protect amoxicillin
Acute otitis media, community aquired pneumonia, lower respiratory, sinusitis, skin infenfection, UTI, acute cystitis and pyelonephritis
500 mg bid, 875mg bid, up to 2000mg bid extended release

Azithromycin Dihydrate (Zithromax)

Antibiotic (macrolide)
Binds to 50S ribosomal subunit, prevent protein synthesis
COPD, bactial sinusitis, community acquired pneumonia, STIs, streptococcal Pharyngitis, Chancroid, nongonococcal cervicitis
250mg up to 1-2g single dose daily

Cephalexin Monohydrate (Keflex)

Antibiotic Cephalosporin
Inhibitor bacterial wall synthesis, bind to Penicillin binding proteins
Skin infection, osteomyelitis, otitis media, streptococcal Pharyngitis, impetigo, ecthyma, cellulitis
250-500mg qid

Doxycycline Hyclate (Vibramycin)

Antibiotic (Tetracycline)
Inhibits 30S ribosomal subunit and protein synthesis
Acinetobacter infection, acne vulgaris, gonorrhea, community acquired pneumonia, staphylococcal infection
100mg daily to 100mg bid, max 300mg single dose

Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)

Antibiotic (nitrofuran)
Inactivates bacterial ribosomes, bactericidal in urine
UTI, prophylaxis
50mg daily, up to 100mg bid and 100 q6h (macrodatin)

Levofloxacin (Levaquin)

Antibiotic (fluoroquinolone)
Inhibits DNA gyrase, which unwinds DNA for transcription and coiling
Bacterial prostatitis and sinusitis, bronchitis, community acquired pneumonia, skin infection, pyelonephritis
250mg daily, up to 750mg daily

Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)

Antibiotic (sulfonamide)
SMZ inhibits dihydropteroic acid synthesis, TMP inhibits reduction of dihydropteroic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid
COPD, HIV prophylaxis, pneumocystis pneumonia, Traveler's Diarrhea, UTI
800mg SMZ and 160 TMP bid, up to 1600mg and 320mg bid

Celecoxib (Celebrex)

Anti-inflammatory, Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor
Inhibits COX-2 enzyme
Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Ankylosing spondylitis, Acute pain
100mg bid, up to 200mg bid (400mg daily)

Diclofenac Sodium (Voltaren)

Anti-inflammatory/NSAID
Inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-1 and 2
Pain, Dysmenorrhea, migraine, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis
immediate release 18mg up to 50mg tid, 100mg daily or bid extended release

Meloxicam (Mobic)

Anti-inflammatory/NSAID
Inhibitor of COX-1 and 2
Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid arthritis
5mg capsules, up to 10mg daily. Tablets 7.5mg up to 15mg daily

Aripiprazole (Abilify)

Antipsychotic
Atypical agent, partial agonist to Dopamine D2 and D3 receptors as well as serotonin 5-HT1A and 2A receptors
Bipolar, schizophrenia, depression, tourette's, autism
2mg daily, up to 30mg daily

Risperidone (Risperdal)

Antipsychotic (benzisoxazole)
Potent serotonin 5-HT2 antagonist, weak Dopamine D2 antagonist
Autism, bipolar, manic episodes, schizophrenia
1mg bid or 2mg daily, up to 18mg daily or 25-50mg IM every 2 weeks

Quetiapine Fumerate (Seroquel)

Antipsychotic (Atypical)
Neurotransmitter antagonist in brain, antagonize serotonin 5-HT1A and 2, Dopamine D1 and D2, histamine H1, and adrenergic a1 and a2 receptors
bipolar, schizophrenia initiation and maintenence major depression w/ antidepressants
immediate release 50mg bid to tid, up to 800mg daily, extended release 300mg up to 800mg daily

Alprazolam (Xanax)

Anti-anxiety, Benzodiazepine Class 4
Enhances postsynaptic effect of inhibitory transmitter y-aminobutyric acid
Anxiety, panic disorder, agoraphobia
0.25mg tid up to 4mg daily max extended release 3-6mg daily
​

Buspirone Hydrochloride (Buspar)

Anti-anxiety
Selective serotonin 5-HT1A receptor partial antagonist, some Dopamine D2 effect.
Anxiety
5mg bid-tid up to 60mg max daily divided

Clonazepam (Klonopin)

Anti-anxiety benzodiazepine class 4
Enhances postsynaptic effect of inhibitory transmitter y-aminobutyric acid
panic disorder, seizures
0.125mg bid max up to 20mg daily in divided doses
​

Diazepam (Valium)

Anti-anxiety benzodiazepine class 4
Enhances postsynaptic effect of inhibitory transmitter y-aminobutyric acid
Alcohol withdrawal, anxiety, seizures
2mg bid-qid up to 10mg

Lorazepam (Ativan)

Anti-anxiety benzodiazepine class 4
Enhances postsynaptic effect of inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA
Anxiety, insomnia
1mg bid-tid, 4mg daily

Amlodipine Besylate (Norvasc)

Antihypertensive, Calcium Channel Blocker
Calcium channel blocker with arterial and coronary vasodialating effects
HTN: 5-10mg daily
Stable and Varient Agnia: 5-10mg daily

Carvedilol (Coreg)

Antihypertensive Alpha/Beta-Adrenergic Blocker
Selective a1 and non selective B-adrenergic blocker decreasing AV node conduction
Angina Pectoris: 25-50mg bid
Cardiac dysrhythmia: 6.25mg bid, titrate up to 50mg bid
Post-acute coronary syndrome: 3.125mg bid, titrate up to 25mg bid
Variceal hemorrhage prophylaxis: 3.125mg bid, 6.25mg QDaily, max 6.25mg bid

Clonidine Hydrochloride (Catapres)

Antihypertensive, alpha2-Adrenergic agonist
Stimulates presynaptic a2-adrenergic receptors and blocks postsynaptic a2-adrenergic receptors
ADHD: (children)
HTN: 0.1mg bid, max 2.4mg daily divided doses

Dilitiazem HCl (Cardizem CD)

Antihypertensive, Calcium channel blocker
Calcium channel blocker, decreases heart rate and prolongs AV node conduction
HTN: Extended 12hr 60-120mg bid up to 360mg/d, Extended 24hr 120-240mg daily, up to 540mg
Stable, chronic angina: 30mg immediate qid, up to 360mg/d, 120mg Extended up to 540mg/d
Atrial arrhythmia and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia: 180-360mg daily

Lisinopril (Prinivil)

Antihypertensive, ACE Inhibitor
Competitive ACE inhibitor, reduce serum aldosterone
ST-segmented elevation MI: 2.5-5mg, up to 40mg daily
Heart Failure: 2.5-5mg, up to 40mg daily
HTN: 10mg, up to 40mg daily

Losartan Potassium (Cozaar)

Antihypertensive, Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist
Selective, Reversible, Competitive antagonist of AT1, preventing vacoconstriction and renal reabsorption
HTN: 50mg daily, up to 100mg in divided doses
Reduced risk of cerebrovascular accident: 50mg daily, up to 100mg
Diabetic Nephropathy: 50mg daily, up to 100mg

Metoprolol Tartrate/Succinate (Lopressor, Toprol-XL)

Antihypertensive, Beta-Adrenergic Blocker
Selective Beta-Adrenergic blocker
Angina: 50mg bid, up to 400mg daily
Heart Failure: 12.5-25mg daily, up to 200mg
HTN: 50mg bid, up to 400mg daily divided, 25-100mg Extended up to 100-400mg daily
AMI: 25-50mg q6h-q12h, (bid), Extended max 200mg daily

Propanolol Hydrochloride (Inderal LA)

Antihypertensive, Beta-Adrenergic blocker
Nonselective Beta-Adrenergic blocker, competitively blocks Beta 1 and 2 receptors
Angina Pectoris: 80-320mg daily divided doses, Extended 80-160mg daily
Cardiac dysrhythmia: 10-30mg tid-qid
HTN: 40mg bid, up to 240mg in divided doses, Extended 80mg up to 160mg daily
Migraine: 80mg divided doses, up to 240mg

Benzonatate (Tessalon)

Antitussive
Anesthesiates the stretch receptors located in the respiratory passages
Cough: 100-200mg tid prn, max 600mg/d

Sildenafil (Viagra)

Erectile Dysfunction Agent, HTN Agent
Inhibits phosphodiesterase type 5, increase GMP
Erectile Dysfunction: 25-100mg prn 1 hr before sex
Pulmonary HTN: 5-20mg tid

Triamcinolone (Kenalog Topical)

Corticosteroid
Induction of phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins
Skin Disorders: Thin layer daily or bid

Bupropion Hydrochloride (Wellbutrin SR,XL)

Antidepressant, Monocyclic
Mild dopamine and norepinephrine uptake inhibitor
Depression: 100mg bid x3, increase to 100mg tid, max 450mg, Extended 150mg daily, increase to 300mg daily
Season Affective Disorder: 150mg daily, up to 300mg daily
Smoking Cessation: 150mg daily x3, then 150mg bid

Citalopram Hydrobromide (Celexa)

Antidepressant, SSRI
Potent selective inhibitor of presynaptic uptake of serotonin
Depression: 20mg daily, up to 40mg

Duloxetine Hydrochloride (Cymbalta)

Antidepressant
Selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
Anxiety: 60mg daily, up to 120mg
Depression: 20-30mg bid or 60mg once, up to 120mg
Diabetic neuropathy + musculoskeletal pain: 60mg daily, up to 120mg

Escitalopram (Lexapro)

Antidepressant, SSRI
Potent selective inhibitor of presynaptic uptake of serotonin
Depression: 10mg daily, up to 20mg
Generalized Anxiety: 10mg daily, up to 20mg

Fluoxetine Hydrochloride (Prozac)

Antidepressant, SSRI
Potent selective inhibitor of presynaptic uptake of serotonin
Depression: 20mg daily, up to 80mg
OCD: 20mg daily, up to 80mg
Panic disorder: 10mg daily, up to 60mg
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder: 20mg daily, up to 80mg
Bulimia nervosa: 20mg daily

Mirtazapine (Remeron)

Antidepressant, Alpha2-Antagonist
Antagonizes presynaptic a2-adrenergic auto and hetero receptors. Potent antagonist of postsynaptic 5-HT2 and 3 receptors
Depression: 15mg at bedtime, up to 45mg

Sertraline Hydrochloride (Zoloft)

Antidepressant, SSRI
Indirectly downregulates Beta-Adrenergic receptors
Depression: 50mg daily, up to 200mg
OCD: 50mg daily, up to 200mg
Panic disorder, PTSD: 25-50mg after 1 week, up to 200mg
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder: 50mg daily, up to 100mg during luteal phase

Amitriptyline (Elavil)

Antidepressant, Tricyclic
Blocks presynaptic reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, downregulates adrenergic receptors
Depression: 75mg in divided doses, up to 300mg

Trazodone Hydrochloride (Desyrel)

Antidepressant
Suspected to inhibit reuptake of serotonin
Depression: 150mg in divided doses, up to 400mg

Venlafaxine Hydrochloride (Effexor XR)

Antidepressant
Potent reuptake inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine
Generalized anxiety: 37.5-75mg daily, up to 225mg
Depression: 37.5-75mg in divided doses, up to 375mg
Panic disorder: 37.5mg daily x7, to 75mg, up to 225mg
Social Anxiety: 37.5mg daily, up to 75mg

Furosemide (Lasix)

Diuretic, Loop
Decreases sodium reapsorption by competing with chloride sites in the Loop of Henle
Edema: 20-80mg daily, up to 600mg
HTN: 40mg bid

Hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide)

Diuretic, Thiazide; Antihypertensive
Increase sodium and chloride secretion by interfering with the diluting segment of the nephron
Edema: 25-100mg daily
HTN: 12.5-25mg daily, up to 50mg

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

Diuretic, Potassium Sparing; Selective aldosterone blocker
Competitive aldosterone antagonist, block sodium-potassium exchange
Heart failure: 12.5-25mg daily, up to 50mg
Edema: 100mg daily, up to 400mg
Nephrotic syndrome: 100mg daily, up to 400mg
HTN: 50-100mg daily, up to 400mg
Hypokalemia: 25-100mg daily

Potassium Chloride (Klor-Con)

Electrolyte, Potassium
Necessary for excitation of muscular tissue, and membrane potentials
Hypokalemia: 20-100mEq daily divided after meals
Hypokalemia prophylaxis: 10-80mEq daily in divided doses

Glimepiride (Amaryl)

Antidiabetic, Second-Gen. Sulfonylurea
Enchances insulin secretion and increases insulin's action
Diabetes (Type 2): 1-2mg daily, max 8mg

Insulin Glargine (Lantus)

Antidiabetic (Long-Acting Insulin)
Promotes cellular uptake of glucose
Diabetes (Type 1 + 2): (3-4 h onset, >24 h duration)

Insulin Detemir (Levemir)

Antidiabetic (Long-Acting Insulin)
Promotes cellular uptake of glucose
Diabetes (Type 1 + 2): (3-4 h onset, 3-9 h peak, 6-23 h duration)

Insulin Aspart (Novolog)

Antidiabetic (Rapid-Acting Insulin)
Promotes cellular uptake of glucose
Diabetes (Type 1 + 2): (12-15 min onset, 1-3 h peak, 3-5 h duration)

Metformin (Glucophage XR)

Antidiabetic, Biguanide, Hypoglycemic
Reduces hepatic glucose production, increase muscle glucose usage
Diabetes (Type 2): IR: 500-1000mg bid, max 2250mg ER: 500-2000mg daily, max 2000mg
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: 1500-2000mg daily in divided doses

Pioglitazone (Actos)

Antidiabetic, Thiazolidinedione
Potent peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist, improves insulin sensitivity
Diabetes (Type 2): 15-30mg daily, max 45mg

Sitagliptin Phosphate (Januvia)

Antidiabetic, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor
DPP-4 enzyme inhibitor, enhances GLP-1 and GIP to increase insulin release and lower glucagon levels
Diabetes (Type 2): 100mg daily

Zolpidem Tartrate (Ambien)

Class-4 Sedative/Hypnotic, Nonbarbiturate
Binds to benzoidazepine receptor, increases chloride conductance
Insomnia: IR, Female: 1.75-5mg Male: 3.5-10mg ER, Female: 6.25mg Male: 6.25-12.5mg daily before bedtime

Esomerprazole Magnesium (Nexium)

Gastrointestinal Agent, Proton Pump Inhibitor
Covalently binds H+/K+ ATPase
H. pylori GI Infection: 40mg daily x14 days w/ amoxicillin
Erosive Esophagitis (GERD and Heartburn): 20-40mg daily x8 weeks
Prevention of NSAID Gastropathy: 20-40mg daily x6 months
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome: 40mg bid, max 240mg

Omeprazole (Prilosec)

Gastrointestinal Agent, Proton Pump Inhibitor
Covalently binds H+/K+ ATPase
Duodenal Ulcer Disease: 20mg daily x4 weeks
Gastric Ulcer Disease: 40mg daily x8 weeks
H. pylori GI Infection: 20mg bid x14 days w/ amoxicillin
Erosive Esophagitis GERD: 20mg daily

Ondansetron Hydrochloride (Zofran)

Gastrointestinal Agent, Antiemetic
Selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist
Chemo-induced Nausea+Vomiting, High Emetogenic: 24mg, 30 min before chemo
Chemo-induced Nausea+Vomiting, Moderate Emetogenic: 8mg, 30 min before chem, repeated in 8 h, then q12h for 1-2 days
Prevention of Postop Nausea+Vomiting: 16mg, 1 h before anesthesia
Radiation-induced Nausea+Vomiting: 8mg, 1-2 h before therapy then q8h after 1st dose

Pantoprazole Sodium (Protonix)

Gastrointestinal Agent, Proton Pump Inhibitor
Covalently binds H+/K+ ATPase
Erosive Esophagitis GERD: 40mg daily
Gastic Hypersecretion: 40mg bid, max 240mg
Zollinger-Ellison Syndome: 40mg bid, max 240mg

Famotidine (Pepcid)

Gastrointestinal Agent, Histamine H2 Antagonist
Competitive inhibitor of histamine H2 receptors
Duodenal Ulcer, Acute: 20mg bid or 40mg daily hs
Duodenal Ulcer, Maintenance: 20mg daily hs
GERD: 20-40mg bid x12 weeks
Gastric Ulcer, Acute: 40mg daily hs
Indigestion: 10-20mg bid

Allopurinol (Zyloprim)

Antigout, Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor
Decreases uric acid production by inhibiting XO
Mild Gout: 100-300mg daily, max 800mg
Moderate/Severe Gout: 400-600mg daily in divided doses, max 800mg
Hyperuricemia, TLS: 600-800mg daily in divided doses for 2-3 days prior to chemo
Nepholithiasis: 300mg daily in divided doses

Clopidogrel Bisulfate (Plavix)

Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor
Directly inhibits ADP to receptor cites, no activation of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex
MI: 300-600mg loading dose, then 75mg daily w/ aspirin
Thrombosis Prevention: 75mg daily

Dabigatran (Pradaxa)

Anticoagulant, DOAC
Reversable and competative thrombin inhibitor
DVT and PE: 150 mg bid
Prevention of stoke/embolism: 150mg bid
Prevention of DVT and PE (Hip Replacement): 110mg 1-4 h postop, then 220mg daily x4-5 weeks

Rivaroxaban (Xarelto)

Anticoagulant, Factor Xa Inhibitor
Selectively blocks the active site of factor Xa w/o a cofactor
Prevention of Thromboembolism (Orthopedic): 10mg daily, 6 h after surgery x14 days knee or x25 days hip
Prevention of Thromboembolism (A-Fib): 20mg daily if CrCl>50, 15mg if CrCl 15-50
DVT or PE: 25mg bid x21 days, then 20mg daily
Coronary or Peripheral Artery Disease: 2.5mg bid

Apixaban (Eliquis)

Anticoagulant, Factor Xa Inhibitor
Selective inhibitor of factor Xa
A-fib: 5mg bid
Hip/Knee Replacement Surgery: 2.5mg bid x12 days or x35 days
DVT or PE: 10mg bid, x7 days, then 5mg bid

Warfarin Sodium (Coumadin)

Anticoagulant, Vitamin K Antagonist
Prevents conversion of vitamin K to its active form
A ton of indications: 2.5mg initial, usually 2-10mg maintenance

Levothyroxine Sodium (Synthroid)

Thyroid Hormone
Synthetic thyroid hormone
Hypothyroidism: 25-300mcg daily
TSH Suppression: >2 mcg/kg/d

Atorvastatin Calcium (Lipitor)

Lipid Lowering Agent, HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor
Competitively inhibit conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, which is involved in cholesterol synthesis
Hyperlipidemia: 10-20mg daily, max 80mg
Prevention of Atherosclerosis: 10-20mg daily, max 80mg
Prevention of events due to CAD: 80mg daily, down to 40mg
Familial Hypercholesterolemia: 10-80mg daily

Ezetimibe (Zetia)

Lipid Lowering Agent, Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor
Decreases absorption of cholesterol at the brush border of the small intestine
Familial Hypercholesterolemia: 10mg daily w/ other statin
Mixed Hyperlipidemia: 10mg daily w/ fenofibrate
Primary Hypercholesterolemia: 10mg daily

Pravastatin Sodium (Pravachol)

Lipid Lowering Agent, HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor
Competitively inhibit conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, which is involved in cholesterol synthesis
Cerebrovascular Accident + Coronary Arteriosclerosis: 40mg daily
Familial Hypercholesterolemia: 40mg daily, max 80mg
Hyperlipidemia: 40mg daily, max 80mg

Rosuvastatin Calcium (Crestor)

Lipid Lowering Agent, HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor
Competitively inhibit conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, which is involved in cholesterol synthesis
Hyperlipidemia: 10-20mg daily, max 40mg
Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Disorder of Cardiovascular System: 10-20mg daily, max 40mg

Simvastatin (Zocor)

Lipid Lowering Agent, HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor
Competitively inhibit conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, which is involved in cholesterol synthesis
Hyperlipidemia: 20-40mg daily in evening
Prevention of Atherosclerosis: 20-40mg daily in evening
Prevention of Cardiovascular Events: 5-40mg daily in evening
Familial Hypercholesterolemia: 20-40mg daily in evening

Baclofen (Lioresal)

Skeletal Muscle Relaxant, Centrally Acting
Analog of GABA, inhibits monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflexes at spinal level
Spasticity: 5mg tid, max 80mg

Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)

Skeletal Muscle Relaxant, Centrally Acting
Relieves muscle action at local origin, does not interfere with muscle function
Skeletal Muscle Spasm: 5mg tid, max 10mg tid (IR), 15mg, max 30mg (ER)

Tizanidine (Zanaflex)

Skeletal Muscle Relaxant, Centrally Acting, Alpha-2 Agonist
Imidazole derivative, increases presynaptic inhibition
Muscle Spasticity: 2mg (up to tid), max 36mg daily

Latanoprost (Xalatan)

Antiglaucoma, Prostaglandin
Prostaglandin F2-alpha analog, increase outflow of aqueous humor
Ocular HTN, glaucoma: 1 drop in eye daily in evening (0.005% solution)

Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen (Lorcet)

Opioid Analgesic, Class 2
Effect opiate receptors in the CNS
Severe pain: 10mg q12h

Morphine (extended release) (MS Contin)

Opioid Analgesic, Class 2
Pure mu agonist, promotes analgesia in CNS
Chronic pain, moderate to severe: 10-20mg q12h
Acute pain: 10mg q4h prn, max 30mg q4h

Oxycodone (OxyContin)

Opioid Analgesic, Class 2
Pure mu agonist, promotes analgesia in CNS
Chronic pain, moderate to severe: 5-15mg q4-6h prn (IR), 10mg q12h prn (ER)

Tramadol (Ultram ER)

Opioid Analgesic, Class 4
Mu agonist and a weak inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrin reuptake
Chronic pain, moderate to severe: 50mg q4-6h prn, max 400mg daily (IR), 100mg daily up to 300mg daily (ER)

Albuterol (Inhalation) (Proventil HFA)

Respiratory Agent, Selective Beta2-Adrenergic Agonist
Acts on Beta2-Adrenergic receptors of intracellular adenylyl cyclase to increase cAMP
Asthma, acute exacerbation: 4-8 inhalations every 20min, then q1-4h prn
Asthma, bronchospasm: 2 inhalations every 4-6 h prn
Exercise induced asthma: 2 inhalations 15-30min prior to exercise
COPD, acute symptoms: 2 inhalations every 4-6 h prn
COPD, acute exacerbation: 1-8 inhalations every 1-4 h prn

Divalproex (Depakote ER)

Anticonvulsant
Contains valproic acid which inhibits GABA metabolism, enhancing its activity
Absense seizure: 15mg/kg/d, up to 60mg/kg/d
Complex partial epileptic seizure: 10-15mg/kg/d, up to 60mg/kg/d
Manic bipolar disorder: 25mg/kg/d, up to 60mg/kg/d
Migraine prophylaxis: 500mg daily for 1 wk, 1g after
(Note: ER are dosed as daily, DR are dosed as bid, follows same amounts given above)

Gabapentin (Neurontin)

Anticonvulsant, GABA Analog
Structurally related to GABA
Partial seizure, adjunct: 300mg tid, max 2400-3600mg daily
Postherpetic neuralgia: 300mg day 1, 300mg bid day 2, 300mg tid day 3, up to 1800mg in divided doses

Lamotrigine (Lamictal)

Anticonvulsant, Phenyltriazine
Inhibits voltage-dependent sodium channels, stabilize neuronal membranes
Bipolar 1 disorder: 25mg daily x2 wk, then 50mg daily x2 wk, then 100mg daily x1 wk, then 200mg daily, max 400mg
Partial seizure, Lennox Gestaut Syndrome: 100-500mg in divided doses (IR), 200-600mg daily (ER)

Topiramate (Topamax)

Anticonvulsant
Inhibits voltage-dependent sodium channels, stabilize neuronal membranes
Seizure: 25mg bid x1 wk, max 200mg bid
Migraine prophylaxis: 25mg bid x1 wk, max 50mg bid

Levetiracetam (Keppra)

Anticonvulsant
Pyrrolidine derivative, has unique MOA not yet known
Myoclonic seizure: 500mg bid, target 3000mg daily
Partial seizure: 500mg bid, max 3000mg daily
Tonic-clonic seizure: 500mg bid, target 3000mg daily

Oxybutynin (Ditropan)

Urinary Antispasmodic
Competitive muscarinic receptor antagonist
Overactive bladder: 5mg bid-tid, max 5mg qid (IR), 5-10mg daily, max 30mg (ER)

Finasteride (Proscar)

Urologic Agent, 5alpha-Reductase Inhibitor
Inhibits conversion of testosterone to DHT
Benign prostatic hyperplasia: 5mg daily
Male pattern alopecia: 1mg daily

Tamsolusin (Flomax)

Urologic Agent, alpha1-Adrenergic Blocker
Selectively block postsynaptic alpha1-adrenergic receptors
Benign prostatic hyperplasia: 0.4mg daily, up to 8mg

Folic Acid

B Vitamin
Required for the conversion of deoxyuridylate to thymidylate step in DNA synthesis
Folic acid deficiency: 0.4-1mg daily

Fluconazole (Diflucan)

Antifungal, Imidazole
Inhibits biosynthesis of ergosterol, damaging fungal cell walls and membranes
Candidal vulvovaginitis, uncomplicated: 150mg x1
Candidal vulvovaginitis, complicated: 150mg q72h, 3 doses
Candidiasis: 400mg daily
Cryptococcal meningitis: 400-800mg daily x8 wk, then 200mg daily x6-12 months
Oropharyngeal candidiasis: 100-200mg daily x7-14 days

Valacylovir (Valtrex)

Antiviral, Viral DNA Polymerase Inhibitor
Prodrug of acyclovir, a nucleoside analog of deoxyguanosine, converted to monophosphate form to inhibit viral DNA synthesis
Genital herpes, initial: 1g bid x10 days, then 500mg bid x3 days
Genital herpes, suppression: 1g daily, (500mg bid w/ HIV)
Herpes zoster, shingles: 1g tid x7 days
Varicella: 20mg/kg tid x5 days
Herpes labialis: 2g bid x1 day

Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil (Truvada)

Antiretroviral Agent, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
Interferes with HIV viral RNA-dependent DNA polymerase
HIV-1 infection: 200mg/300mg daily
Preexposure prophylaxis: 200mg/300mg daily

Antazanavir (Reyataz)

Antiretroviral Agent, Protease Inhibitor
Binds to site of HIV-1 protease activity, form non-mature viral particles
HIV-1 infection, naive: 300mg daily w/ ritonavir or corbicistat
HIV-1 infection, prior failure: 300mg daily w/ ritonavir or corbicistat
HIV-1 infection, pregnant: 300mg daily w/ ritonavir

Efavirenz (Sustiva)

Antiretroviral Agent, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
Binds to HIV reverse transcriptase, block HIV-1 replication
HIV-1 infection: 600mg daily hs

Maraviroc (Selzentry)

Antiretroviral Agent, CCR5 Antagonist
Selectively and reversibly binds to the chemokine coreceptors, block viral interaction
CCR5-tropic HIV-1 infection: 300mg bid

Raltegravir (Isentress)

Antiretroviral Agent, Integrase Inhibitor
Inhibits activity of HIV-1 integrase, prevent integration of viral DNA
HIV-1 infection: 400mg bid