22.8 Immunoglobins

This is a protein that is produced against a particular antigen

Antibody (or immunoglobulin)

T/F

Antibodies do not destroy pathogens directly, but facilitate the destruction by other immune cells.

True. They are just the “tagger” and let others destroy the pathogen.

What is the shape of an immunoglobulin?

Y shaped

T/F

Immunoglobulin is an insoluble protein.

False. They are soluble.

Also known as the arm regions, these are located at the ends of the arm of an antibody.

Variable regions

What do variable regions contain?

Antigen-binding site

Also known as the stem region, which contains a region that determines the biological functions of the antibody.

Constant region

What does constant contain?

Fc region

T/F

The antibodies immobilize specific antigens and ultimately cause their elimination by other immune cells.

True

List the three actions of an antibody through an Antigen-Binding Site

• Neutralization

• Agglutination

• Precipitation

This is an action of an antibody where it physically covers an antigenic determinant of a pathogen, which results in not establishing infections

Neutralization

This is an action of an antibody where it cross-links cells, forming a clump?

Agglutination

This is an action of an antibody where it cross-links circulating particles that forms an insoluble antigen-antibody complex?

Precipitation

List the three actions of an atibody though Fc Region

• Complement fixation

• Opsonization

• Activation of NK cells

This is an action of the Fc region of antibody binds complement proteins, which results in the complement being active

Complement fixation

This is an action of the Fc region of antibody binds to receptors of a phagocytic cells, which triggers phagocytosis

Opsonization

This is an action of the Fc region of an antibody where it binds to an NK cells, triggering the release of cytotoxic chemicals

Activation of NK cells

Antibodies are especially effective in binding _____ antigens, such as viral particles, bacteria, toxins, yeast spores.

soluble

Why are antibodies effective in binding soluble antigens?

Because B-lymphocytes are effective against soluble antigens.

The immune response of a B-lymphocyte is also called as humoral immunity.