Studied by 19 people
"A" and "ill" are example of
morphemes
A child's acquisition of grammar first becomes apparent at
the two-word stage
A cognitive understanding of memory, emphasizing how information is changed when it is encoded, stored, and retrieved is known as
the information-processing model
A dictionary definition would be an example of
an artificial concept
A guitarist used ______ to recall how to play the notes of a specific song.
procedural memory
A heuristic is best described as
a rule of thumb
To solve a math problem where you find the area of a triangle, you use
an algorithm
A person who uses a drop of super glue to seal a paper cut on a finger has overcome the obstacle to effective problem solving related to
functional fixedness
An _________ is a step-by-step solution to a problem that is likely to be successful.
algorithm
Absent-mindedness in a college student would typically involve
trying to study while watching television.
According to Freud, the only way to be free of repressed memories is to
uncover them in therapy
After the outcome is known, people often have distorted thinking about their original expectations due to
a hindsight bias
All of the following are component of thought except
stimuli
An eidetic image will fade from memory if you
describe it
As the information in this book passes from one stage of your memory to the next, the information becomes more
meaningful
At a high school class reunion you are likely to experience a flood of memories that would be unlikely to come to mind under other circumstances. What memory process explains this?
encoding specificity
Because of the limited capacity of _______ memory, it is unsafe to talk on a cell phone while driving on a freeway during rush hour.
working
Because _______ memories of events before age 3 are extremely rare, early memories of abuse are likely to be
episodic, erreneous
Brad is home when all of his lights suddenly go out. His thought that "this is what happens when a circuit breaker is blow" would be considered as
identifying the problem
Children, regardless of where they are brought up, speak primarily about which of the following categories of ideas?
locations, movable objects, and movers
Chomsky believed that the language acquisition device was
a combination of speech structures located in the brain
Concepts cannot be directly observed by
researchers
During the memory process of ________, we select, and identify the correct format for the memory system.
encoding
Ebbinghaus found that when he returned to a list of words that he had previously memorized a few weeks before, it took him
fewer trials time to remember the list again.
Eidetic memory is most often found in
children
HM lost the ability to create new memories after his surgery and is suffering from
anterograde amnesia
Heuristic strategies show that our thinking is often based on
experience rather than logic
Highly emotional memories may cause posttraumatic stress disorder, recent research has found which brain structure to play a significant role in these emotional memories?
amygdala
If Ellie who is 2.5 years old says "Cookie me now" she is demonstrating
telegraphic speech
If George is trying to remember info for a test and encoded the info correctly but cant remember it after two days there may be a problem with
storage
If you learn info in one room and then have to take a test in a different room and your score isnt good, what could explain this
encoding specificity
If you look at a certain area on the chalkboard where a certain concept was to help you remember the term, you are using
a retrieval cue
If you witness a mugging and the polic ask did you see the scar, you might reply that you did see a scar even if there wasnt one. what explains this?
misinformation effect
if you get a call to pick up your brother but then get a call from your friend and you forget about your brother, you would be experiencing
bsent-mindedness
if your teacher asks you to provide a definition, you are answering what kind of question?
recall
In proactive interference, old memories act to
block our ability to learn new information.
In studies completed regarding students' cognitive maps of the world, researchers found that
the majority of students placed Europe at the center of the world
Individuals who have amazingly developed skill despite their mental handicap are referred to as
savants
Jenny is locked out of her car is cold and upset. she forgets she has stuff in her purse to help her break into her car. she is demonstrating
functional fixedness
Knowing how to check out a book at the library is an example of
a script
Long-term potentiation suggest that
millions of neurons can be involved in storing a single memory.
Many Alzheimers patients have a memory that initially gives up newer thoughts and memories. In many ways this resembles
anterograde amnesia
many individuals can remember an entire sentence that is read to them, even though is exceeds the amount of information we can generally hold in working memory. they do this by
using the phonological loop
Many psychologists view creativity as a form of
divergent thinking
Modern cognitive research suggests that memory for emotionally arousing events
is remembered vividly
New information is related to older memory information during the memory process of
elaboration
Noam Chomsky believed that language was
attributable primarily to nature
Noam Chomsky has presented evidence supporting his theory that
children are born with some rules of grammar programmed into their brains
Once children understand that there are rules regarding language, they have
reached the two word stage
One of the reasons that people use algorithms is that they
will always work if used properly
Place the stages of language development in correct order.
babbling,one word, two word, telegraphic
Remembering an explanation about neural networks is likely held in your
semantic memory
Results from PET scan studies suggest that
thought occurs in widely distributed areas of the brain, and that a range of highly specialized modules deals with different kinds of thought.
Retrograde amnesia involves _____ and is maybe induced by __________.
the loss of prior memory traces, head trauma
Sally said, "I goed to the store." She is demonstrating an example of
overregularization
Sperling's study involving recall of an array of 12 letters suggested that the actual capacity of sensory memory is
12 or more items
The naming explosion begins at about age
18 months
The ability of the hippocampus to transfer intermediate memories into long-term memory is known as
consolidation
The awareness of what your friend wore to school last April 21st must first pass through _________ memory.
sensory
The best strategy by which to transfer information from working memory to long-term memory is to engage in
elaborative rehearsal
the capacity of working memory is about _____ items.
seven
The concept proposed by Noam Chomsky that suggests that all individuals are born with an innate ability to learn language relies on
the language acquisition device
The memory failure caused by transience is adaptive in that it
prevents memory from becoming overwhelmed
The memory process of elaboration resembles the Piagetian concept of
assimilation
The most representative example of a category is called a
prototype
The physical trace associated with long-term memory are known as
engram
The sensory register for vision is called _____ memory, whereas the sensory register for hearing is called ______ memory.
echoic
The storage capacity of working memory
is smaller than both sensory and long-term memory
The three memory stages, in order of processing, are
sensory, working, and long term
The TOT phenomenon is explained as due to a poor match between
retrieval cues and encoding in LTM
The typical vocabulary of a six-year-old is
10,000 words
The __________________ theory claims that establishing more connections with long-term memories makes information more meaningful and memorable and thus easier to recall.
levels-of-processing
To answer this multiple choice question, you muse use
recognition
Were sensory memories to last longer than normal,
old information would interfere with incoming information
When you create in your mind a "typical day at school," you are experiencing
concept formation
When you get a new cat, you will note its unique markings so you can compare it to other cats in the neighborhood. what would a cognitive psychologist call this process of identifying the distinctive features of your cat?
encoding
When you learn the tango, you forget the mambo that you learned last year. This is an example of
retroactive interference
What kind of forgetting is involved when the sociology I studied yesterday makes it more difficult to learn and remember the psychology I am studying today?
proactive interference
Which of the following brain areas is primarily concerned with speech production?
Broca's area
Which of the following is NOT one of Daniel Schater's "seven sins" of memory?
encoding failure
Which of the following is true of creativity?
creativity first involves becoming an expert in a specific field
Which of the "sins" of memory probably helps us to avoid dangerous situations we have encountered before?
persistence
Which one of the seven "sins" of memory is disputed by those who believe that memories of childhood abuse can, in many cases, be recovered during adulthood?
suggestibility
Which part of long-term memory stores autobiographical information?
episodic memory
Working memory involves activity in circuits located within the ____________ of the brain.
frontal cortex
You try to remember lines by linking each portion of the script to different places in your home. this memory technique is
method of loci
_______ are clusters of knowledge that provide general conceptual frameworks regarding certain topics, events, and situations.
schemas
______________________ are unique brain wave patterns that are associated with particular stimuli.
event-related potentials
_________ memory is primarily what contributes to our sense of self.
long-term memory
_______ ______ was the first to hypothesize that people form cognitive maps of their environment to help guide their actions toward certain goals.
Edward Tolman
true or false: brain imaging studies indicate that the frontal cortex is activated during a working memory task.
true
true or false: children begin to understand rules of grammar at about two years of age.
true
true or false: event schemas are also called scripts
true
true or false: our concepts of items need to be tangible.
false
Patient HM suffered from retrograde amnesia.
false
true or false: procedural and declarative memories are the two major forms of long-term memory.
true
true or false: those with damaged parietal lobes may experience problems with "common sense"
false
Note 
Flashcard (24)