A&P Chapter 6 Skeletal system

What is bone

An organ made up of several different tissues ( bone, cartilage, dense connective tissue, adipose and nervous tissue)

Function of the skeletal system

Provide support. Protect the internal organ. Assist body movement Store and release calcium and phosphorus Store triglycerides in adipose cells of yellow bone marrow

What does the long bone consist of

Diaphysis . 2 Epiphyses 2 Metaphyses Articular cartilage Periosteum Medullary Endosteum

What is the diaphysis bone

Bone shaft

Where is the epiphysis of the bone located

Both ends of the joints

Where is the metaphysis located

Region between diaphysis and epiphysis

Where is the articular cartilage found?

At the end of the bone and articulates the joints

Where is The Periosteum found

Tough outer coating surrounding the whole bone

Where is the Medullary cavity found?

This is a space in the diaphysis that tours blood

Where is the endosteum found?

It is found in the medullary cavity. It is a thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity.

What is the astrology of bone tissue?

Calcification - this is a process where born is form mean by osteoplast in order for this to happen in mineral salt and collagen fibers come together to crystallize

What are the four types of cells found in the bone?

Osteoprogenitor Osteoblast Osteocytes. Osteoclasts

What is the function of osteoprogenitor cells?

Bones, stem cells able to differentiate into other types of cells

Function of osteoblast

Building cells that secrete matrix initiate calcification

What are osteocytes?

Mature bone cells

Function of the osteoclasts

Remodel bones and caused them to release calcium bone; resorption

What are the classifications of bones in terms of shape?

Long bone short bone, flat bone irregular bone, round bone

Bones that are plate like with broad surface are classified as what type of bone

Flat bone

What are the three main parts of long bone

Dialphysis, epiphysis, and medullary

What is the end of the long bone called?

Epiphysis

What is a shaft of the long bone called?

Diaphysis

What covers the epiphysis for protection?

Articulate cartilage

Two types of bones found in the body

Compact bone and spongy bone

Describe compact bone

It’s good at providing protection and support ; strongest bone

Describe spongy bones

Lightweight and provides tissue support also call trabecular or cancellous

What type of bone is the diaphysis composed of?

Compact bone

What type of bone is the Epiphysis bone compose of?

Spongy bones

Where are red bone marrow found?

Hip, ribs, sternum, vertebrae,skull proximal, ends of humerus and femur

What supply nerve and blood to the bone?

Periosteel arteries and nutrition arteries

What is a bone formation called?

Ossification or osteogenesis

What are the four situations that bones farm?

During embryological and fetal development. when bones grow before adulthood, when bones remodel when fractures heal

What are the two types of ossification

1. Intra-Membranous. 2. Endochondral

Describe Intramembranous ossification

Occurs in flat bones when a connective tissue membrane is replaced by bone

Describe endconceal ossification

Replacement of cartilage with bone in the developing embryo and fetus. It also occurs in epiphysis plate of long bones as they grow in length

4 healing process phases in bones

Reactive phase, reparative phase, and the remodeling phase

What is the reactive phase?

Early informatory phase

What is the reparative phase?

Include formation of a fibercartilage, callus first and then a bony callus second

The bone remodeling phase

This is the last step as the bone callous is remodeled

Common types of fracture in bone

Greenstick, impact, Pott, colles ,vertebral compression , spiral

Describe greenstick

A partial fracture in which one side of the bone is broken on the other side bends

Describe impact

One end of the fracture bone is forcefully driven into the interior of the other

Describe port

Fracture of the distal end of the fibula with serious injury of the distal, tibia articulation

Describe Cole’s

Fracture of the distal end of the lateral forearm bone in which the distal fragment is displayed posteriorly

Describe vertebral compression fracture

The vertebrae body of one or more vertebrae fractures, and become compressed into a wedge shape may be caused by injury, trauma or more commonly in individuals with osteoporosis

What is the benefit of exercise?

Exercise stresses the bone and causes it to remodel and become harder

Effect of aging on the bone

Osteocytes over populate the bone and osteoblast cannot keep up and demineralize happen. Hormones affect this decrease nutrition also decrease minerals.

Factors affecting bone growth and remodel

Minerals, vitamins, Hormones