AP Gov

1st amendment

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freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly

2nd amendment

right to bear arms

3rd amendment

bans quartering of soldiers

4th amendment

prohibits against unreasonable search and seizures. protections against arbitrary arrest and prosecution against prosecutiion (extends to aliens and citizens)

5th amendment

protects criminal defendants from having to testify if they may incriminate themselves through the testimony

rights when accused:

• no person held to answer for a capital

• no person be subject for same offense to be wise put in jeopardy of life or limb

• not compelled to be a witness against himself not be deprived of life, liberty, or property without “due process of law”

6th amendment

rights when on trial:

• right to defence→

• right to speedy and public trial by impartial jury

• confronted with witnesses in his favor

7th amendment

right to trial by jury; common-law suits

8th Amendment

excessive bail not required, no excessive fines be imposed, and no cruel or unusual punishments

9th amendment

unenumerated rights protected. **all the rights not listed in the constitution belong to the people, not the government**

10th amendment

powers not delegated to the US by the constitution belong to the states or people

11th amendment

limits on suits against states. **prohibits federal courts from hearing certain lawsuits against states**

12th amendment

revision of electoral-college procedure. **each elector must cast distinct votes for president and vice president instead of two votes for president**

13th amendment

prohibits slavery

14th amendment

Citizenship rights, Equal protection, Apportionment, Civil War Debt

• ex slaves made citizens; due process clause applied to states; “equal protection” clause

• reduction in congressional representation for states denying adult males the right to vote

• southern rebels denied federal office

• rebel debts repudiated

15th amendment

gave black meant the right to vote

16th amendment

authorizes federal income tax

17th amendment

requires popular election of senators. **allowing voters to cast direct votes for senators**

18th amendment

prohibited the “manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors” but not the consumption, private possession, or production for one’s own consumption

19th amendment

women suffrage

20th amendment

presidential terms and succession→ if the president dies, Vice president becomes president

21st amendment

grants the states virtually complete control over whether to permit importation or sale of liquor and how to structure the liquor distribution system

22nd amendment

two term limit for president

23rd amendment

right to vote for president in the District of Columbia

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24th amendment

prohibiting any poll tax in elections for officials

25th amendment

in case of the removal of president from office, the vice president becomes president

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26th amendment

lowered voting age to 18

27th amendment

congressional pay raises. **Prevents members of Congress from granting themselves pay raises during the current session.**