Organic Chemistry- Functional groups

a generic alkyl group is represented as

“R”

halide

R group bonded to F,Cl,Br,I

alkenes

double bond to R group

alkynes

triple bonds to R group

alcohols

OH group bonded to R

ethers

oxygen bonded to two R groups

thiols

sulfer alc equivalent, SH bonded to R group

Sulfides

sulfer bonded to two R groups

aromatics compounds

benzene ring (6 carbon ring, 3 double bonds)

tolene ring (3 carbon ring with methyl group attached to the 3rd carbon)

ketones

central carbon, trigonal planer, two r groups, double bond to oxygen

aldehydes

ketone structure with hydrogen bonded to R’

carboxylic acid

ketone structure, replace R’ with OH

acylhalides

ketone structure, replace R’ with halide

acid anhydrides

two ketone groups next to eachother in a pi bond. R’ on structure one is replaced by oxygen making that the “central” part of the bond

esters

ketone, R’ replaced with oxygen and R’ sigma bonded oxygen

amide

ketone with Nitrogen on second bond. R’ and R’’ sigma bonded to N

amides

central nitrogen atom. R, R’, R’’ sigma bonded off nitrogen