Meyers Psychology for the AP Course 3rd Edition: UNIT 1

Positive psychology

________- study of human flourishing; goal of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities thrive.

René Decartes

________ (1595- 1650): agreed with Socrates and Plato of innate ideas; believed that brain fluids flows through nerves to muscles.

Charles Darwin

________ (1809- 1882): argued that natural selection shapes behaviors and bodies.

John B Watson

________ (1878- 1958): championed psychology as scientific study of behavior and worked on controversial study with Rosalie Rayner (1898- 1935) on a baby who became famous as "Little Albert "which showed that fear could be learned.

Natural selection

________- principle that inherited traits that better enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.

Plato

________ (428- 348 BCE): agrees with Socrates and added that mind continues after death.

Humanistic psychology

________- a historically significant perspective that emphasized human growth potential.

Ivan Pavlov

________: Russian psychologist who pioneered study of learning.

John Locke

________ (1632- 1704): argued that the mind is a tabula rasa (a "blank slate); "experience writes mind.

Skepticism

________: sifting reality from fantasy and demanding evidence (How do you know ?)

William Wundt

Psychology Milestones: ________ (1832- 1920): established the first psychology laboratory at University of Leipzig, Germany.

Neuropsychologists

________ investigate relationship between neurological processes (the structure and function of the brain) and behavior.

Nurture

________ works on what nature provides.

Introspection

________- the process of looking inward in to directly observe ones own psychological processes (SUBJECTIVE and not objective)

Humility

________: willing to be surprised and follow new ideas, accepting incorrect predictions.

Jean Piaget

________: Swiss biologist who observed children.

Mary Whiton Calkins

________ (1863- 1930): mentored by James; became a pioneering memory researcher and first woman president of the American Psychological Association.

Psychometrics

Subfields in Psychology: ________- scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits.

G Stanley Hall

________: established the first formal U.S. psychology laboratory, at Johns Hopkins University.

Empiricism

________- an idea that knowledge comes from experience; observation and experimentation enable scientific knowledge.

Community psychologists

________ work to create social and physical environments that are healthy for all.

Psychiatrists

________ may provide psychotherapy and are medical doctors licensed to prescribe drugs and treat physical causes of psychological disorders.

Social psychology

________- scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.

Biological psychologists

________ explore the links between body and mind.

Educational psychology

________- study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning.