Chemical Reactions Test Review

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Chemical Reaction

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29 Terms

1

Chemical Reaction

Consists or reactants and products; it is the process that involves rearrangement of molecular or ionic structures

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2

Law of Conservation of Mass

Mass can niether be created nor destroyed

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3

Reactants

A substance that takes part in the change of a chemical reaction; before the arrow

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4

Products

The result of a chemical reaction after a change has occurred; after the arrow

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5

Chemical Equation

a representation of a chemical reaction; the formulas of the reactants (on the left) are connected by an arrow with the formulas of the products (on the right).

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6

Balanced Chemical Equation

each side of the equation has the same number of atoms of each element and mass is conserved.

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7

Chemical Potential Energy

The energy stored in the chemical bonds of a substance

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8

Law of Conservation of Energy

The total energy of an isolated system remains constant; energy can neither be created nor destroyed

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9

Endothermic Reaction

When more energy is required to break bonds than is released in the formation of new bonds, energy will need to be absorbed from the surroundings.

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10

Exothermic Reaction

When more energy is released during the formation of new bonds than required for breaking bonds, the net energy will be released to the surroundings.

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11

Activation Energy

The minimum quantity of energy which the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction

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12

Collision Theory

To take place the particles have to collide with each other. Particles must have enough kinetic energy to break bonds.

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13

How does temperature affects the collision rate?

An increase of temperature typically increases the rate of reaction. An increase of temperature will raise the average kinetic energy.

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14

Synthesis Reaction

A chemical reaction in which two or more substances produce one product

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15

Combustion Reaction

Oxygen combines with a substance (CxHx) and releases energy in the form of heat and light.

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16

Decomposition Reaction

One reactant breaks down into two or more substances

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17

Single Replacement

One element replaces the atoms of another element in a compound

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18

Double Replacement

Ions exchange between two compounds; happens when dissolved in water

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19

Types of decomposition reactions

Binary Compounds (AB→A+B); Carbonates (XCO3→XO+CO2); Chlorates (XClO3→XCl+O2); Hydroxides (XOH→XO+H2O)

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20

Activity Series

A list of elements in decreasing order of their reactivity.

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21

Precipitate

A substance that is in solid form after the change of a chemical reaction

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22

Aqueous Solution

Contains one or more dissolved substances in water

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23

Solvent

The most plentiful substance in a solution.

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24

Dissociation

When ionic compounds dissolve in water, their ions separate

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25

Complete Ionic Equation

Ionic equations that show all the particles in a solution as they actually exist

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26

Net Ionic Equations

Ionic equations that show only the particles that participate in the formation of a precipitate, a gas or water

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27

Solute Interactions

Intermolecular attractions between solute particles

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28

Solvent Interactions

Intermolecular attractions between solvent particles

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29

Solute-Solvent Interactions

Intermolecular attractions between a solute particle and a solvent particle

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