Jacksonian Debate (copy)

Election of 1824

Election of 1824

John Quincy Adams elected President on February 9, 1825, after the election was decided by the House of Representatives in what was termed the Corrupt Bargain.

Corrupt Bargain

Refers to the presidential election of 1824 in which Henry Clay, the Speaker of the House, convinced the House of Representatives to elect Adams rather than Jackson.

election of 1828

Jackson defeats John Quincy Adams in this election, becoming our 7th President

Jacksonian Democracy

A policy of spreading more political power to more people. It was a "Common Man" theme.

Extension of franchise

more people were given the right to vote, even men who owned no land

Spoils System

A system of public employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends.

National Nominating Conventions

Quadrennial gathering of party officials and delegates that selects presidential and vice presidential nominees and adopts party platforms

Caucus System

A system in which members of a political party meet to choose their party's candidate for president or decide policy

National Republicans

supporters of a strong central government who favored road building and supported the Bank of the United States to shape the nation's economy; many were farmers or merchants

Kitchen Cabinet

The informal advisers to the president.

Peggy Eaton Affair

Calhoun's wife slandered Peggy Eaton, causing a heated debate between Jackson and Calhoun

Whigs

Anti-Jackson political party that generally stood for national community and an activist government

Maysville Road Veto

clay proposed that the federal government build a road that was entirely in kentucky, Jackson vetoed it on the grounds that the road was only in one state and it was Kentucky's responsibility,

Election of 1832

Jackson v Clay, Jackson wins. Political parties will hold nominating conventions where the people decide who the nominee is. First time a third party was in an election, Anti-Masonic party.

John C. Calhoun

South Carolina Senator - advocate for state's rights, limited government, and nullification

Tariff of Abominations

A very high protective tarrif that the South wanted to nullify

Nullification

that states had the right to nullify or to void any act of congress that they deemed unconstitutional

Daniel Webster

Famous American politician and orator. he advocated renewal and opposed the financial policy of Jackson. Many of the principles of finance he spoke about were later incorporated in the Federal Reserve System. Would later push for a strong union.

Webster-Hayne Debate

Hayne first responded to Daniel Webster's argument of states' rights versus national power, with the idea of nullification. Webster then spent 2 full afternoons delivering his response which he concluded by saying that "Liberty and Union, now and for ever, one and inseparable"

SC Exposition and Protest

A document written by John Calhoun that protested the Tariff of 1828 and threatened that SC would secede if it wasn't repealed.

Jefferson Day Dinner

Dinner held to organize Jefferson's birthday. Jackson presented a toast proclaiming his opposition to nullification. Calhoun presented another toast, opposing Jackson's idea.

Compromise Tariff of 1833

A new tariff proposed by Henry Clay & John Calhoun that gradually lowered the tariff to the level of the tariff of 1816; avoided civil war & prolonged the union for another 30 years.

Force Bill

gave the president power to use military force to collect tariffs if the need arose

Martin Van Buren

(1837-1841) Advocated lower tariffs and free trade, and by doing so maintained support of the south for the Democratic party. He succeeded in setting up a system of bonds for the national debt.

Henry Clay

A northern American politician. He developed the American System as well as negotiated numerous compromises.

Nicholas Biddle

President of the Second Bank of the United States; he struggled to keep the bank functioning when President Jackson tried to destroy it.

Second Bank of the US

A national bank chartered by Congress in 1816 with extensive regulatory powers over currency and credit; modeled after Hamilton's original bank and fixing Revolutionary War debt

Bank Recharter Bill

would have extended the life of the bank of the United States passed in 1836 when its charter expired. Jackson vetoed the bill

veto message

A message from the president to Congress stating that he will not sign a bill it has passed. Must be produced within ten days of the bill's passage.

Pet Banks

State banks where Andrew Jackson placed deposits removed from the federal National Bank.

Roger B. Taney

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court when Dred Scott decision was made

Specie Circular

U.S. Treasury decree requiring that all public lands be purchased with "hard," or metallic, currency. Issued after small state banks flooded the market with unreliable paper currency, fueling land speculation in the West.

Panic of 1837

A financial crisis in the United States that led to an economic depression

Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge

interest of community are above corporate rights case settled a dispute over the constitutional clause regarding obligation of contract

Indian Removal Act of 1830

law passed in 1830 that forced many Native American nations to move west of the Mississippi River

Black Hawk War (1832)

Conflict between US and Native Americans led by Black Hawk (Sauk leader). Stemmed from white expansion into Native territories across the MS River into Illinois

Worcester v. Georgia

This case determined that states didn’t have the right to impose regulation on Native American land. Jackson refused to enforece the ruling, but this created the basis for later law in the US regarding Native Americans

Trail of Tears

Forced relocation during 1830s of Eastern Woodland Indians. Approx 100K people were forced from their homes, approx 15K died during the journey west. Root of relocation was due to gold speculation in 1829 on Cherokee land, which was supported by Jackson through his Indian Removal Act of 1830.

Log Cabin Campaign of 1840

Whig General William Henry Harrison’s campaign where he claimed that he was portrayed as a guy who was born in a log cabin, liked to drink hard cider, and was a war hero (tippecanoe)

Webster-Ashburton Treaty 1842

Resolved issue of northeaster US-Canada border & providing for Anglo(Brit)-US cooperation in slave trade suppression.

Negotiated by Webster (s.o.s att), Alexander Baring, 1st Baron Ashburton

Established present boundary btwn Maine and New Brunswick, granted US navigation rights to St. John river, provided for extradition in nonpolitical criminal cases, and established a joint naval system for suppressing slave trade off the African coast.