English 10 Honors Review

John Proctor

A local farmer who lives just outside town; Elizabeth Proctor's husband. A stern, harsh-tongued man, John hates hypocrisy. Nevertheless, he has a hidden sin, his affair with Abigail Williams, that proves his downfall. When the hysteria begins, he hesitates to expose Abigail as a fraud because he worries that his secret will be revealed and his good name ruined.

Abigail Williams

Reverend Parris's niece was once a servant for the Proctor household, but Elizabeth Proctor fired her after discovering that she was having an affair with her husband, John Proctor. She is smart, wily, a good liar, and vindictive when crossed.

Reverand John Hale

A young minister reputed to be an expert on witchcraft. is called into Salem to examine Parris's daughter Betty. is a committed Christian and a hater of witchcraft. His critical mind and intelligence save him from falling into blind fervor. His arrival sets the hysteria in motion, although he later regrets his actions and attempts to save the lives of those accused.

John Proctor's wife

Elizabeth fired Abigail when she discovered that her husband was having an affair with Abigail. Elizabeth is supremely virtuous but often cold.

Reverend Parris

The minister of Salem's church. is a paranoid, power-hungry, yet oddly self-pitying figure. Many of the townsfolk, especially John Proctor, dislike him, and Parris is very concerned with building his position in the community.

Rebecca Nurse

Francis Nurse's wife. is a wise, sensible, and upright woman, held in tremendous regard by most of the Salem community. However, she falls victim to hysteria when the Putnams accuse her of witchcraft and she refuses to confess.

Francis Nurse

A wealthy, influential man in Salem. The nurse is well respected by most people in Salem, but he is an enemy of Thomas Putnam and his wife

Judge Danforth

The deputy governor of Massachusetts and the presiding judge at the witch trials. Honest and scrupulous, at least in his mind, is convinced that he is doing right in rooting out witchcraft.

Giles Corey

An elderly but feisty farmer in Salem, famous for his tendency to file lawsuits. His wife, Martha, is accused of witchcraft, and he is eventually held in contempt of court and pressed to death with large stones.

Thomas Putnam

A wealthy, influential citizen of Salem, who holds a grudge against Francis Nurse for preventing his brother-in-law from being elected to the office of minister. He uses the witch trials to increase his own wealth by accusing people of witchcraft and then buying up their land.

Ann Putnam

Thomas Putnam's wife. has given birth to eight children, but only Ruth Putnam survived. The other seven died before they were a day old, and Ann is convinced that they were murdered by supernatural means.

Ruth Putnam

The Putnams' lone surviving child out of eight. Like Betty Parris, Ruth falls into a strange stupor after Reverend Parris catches her and the other girls dancing in the woods at night.

Tituba

Reverend Parris's black slave from Barbados. Tituba agrees to perform voodoo at Abigail's request.

Mary Warren

The servant in the Proctor household and a member of Abigail's group of girls. She is a timid girl, easily influenced by those around her, who tried unsuccessfully to expose the hoax and ultimately recanted her confession.

Betty Parris

Reverend Parris's ten-year-old daughter. Betty falls into a strange stupor after Parris catches her and the other girls dancing in the forest with Tituba. Her illness and that of Ruth Putnam fuel the first rumors of witchcraft.Martha

Martha Corey

Giles Corey's third wife. Martha's reading habits lead to her arrest and conviction for witchcraft.

Ezekiel Cheever

A man from Salem who acts as clerk of the court during the witch trials. He is upright and determined to do his duty for justice.

Judge Hathorne

A judge who presides, along with Danforth, over the witch trials.

Herrick

The marshal of Salem.

Mercey Lewis

One of the girls in Abigail's group.

Setting

-Puritan town of Salem, Massachusetts, in the year 1692.

Setting of Act 1

-Scene I begins in the home of Reverend Parris, a Puritan minister who fears for his job.
-His daughter, Betty Parris, and other girls from Salem were caught dancing in the woods and allegedly casting spells.

setting of act II

-Scene II takes place in the home of John Proctor, a local farmer who refuses to attend church (a big no-no for the Puritans).

Who is the author of the crucible/when was it written/what was the story based off of

Arthur Miller/1953/The Salem Witch Trials took place in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692, and were based on the accusations of a twelve-year-old girl named Anne Putnam.

dynamic charecterization

a character who undergoes some important change in the course of the story.

Satic charecter

one that doesn't change throughout the telling of the story

Satire

the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues.

Tone

Them(the author)The feelings the words evoke in the reader

Mood

Me(How I feel)

Symbolism

A device in literature where an object represents an idea.

Allegory

a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one.
Ex: After reading, be able to describe how The Crucible could be an allegory for McCarthyism. Consider the motivation behind the accusations and confessions.

McCarthyism

The political practice of publicizing accusations of disloyalty or subversion with insufficient regard to evidence; and the use of methods of investigation and accusation regarded as unfair, in order to suppress opposition

Imagery

-vivid language designed to appeal to these senses
Ex. Danforth-"we burn a hot fire here, it melts down all concealment."

Allusion

brief but purposeful references, within a literary text, to a person, place, event, or to another work of literature

Ex. Act 2: Elizabeth said when Abigail walked through the courtroom, the crowd parted like the Sea of Israel-Biblical Allusion

Similie

a figure of speech that describes something to be something else, but uses the words "like" or "as" to do so
Ex.
-My love is like a red rose.
-My brother and I fight like cats and dogs all the time.
-Iniyan is always as busy as a bee.

Metaphor

a comparison between two things that are otherwise unrelated.

Irony and three types

refers to a contrast between appearance and actuality; verbal, sitational, and dramatic

Verbal Irony

occurs when someone states one thing and means another. Sarcasm is a form of verbal irony.

Sitational Irony

is a contrast between what is expected to happen and what actually does happen.

dramatic irony

occurs when readers know more about a situation or a character in a story than the characters do.

Forshadowing

A writer's use of hints or clues to indicate events that will occur in a story. Foreshadowing creates suspense and at the same time prepares the reader for what is to come.

Personification

the attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form.
Ex. The story jumped of the page

Theme

A theme is a central, unifying idea. It's the bigger issue that emerges as the characters pursue their goals.

Setting

The context in time and place in which the action of a story occurs.

Flashback

A flashback interrupts that chronological sequence, the front line action or "present" line of the story, to show readers a scene that unfolded in the past.

Exposition

It is the background information on the characters and setting explained at the beginning of the story

Climax

the point at which the highest level of interest and emotional response is achieved.

rising action

the second of six essential plot elements, which comes right after the opening of a story, otherwise known as the exposition.

Resolution

The resolution is the end of the story. It occurs after the CLIMAX. It is when you learn what happens to the characters after the CONFLICT is resolved.

Charecternym

a name of a fictional character that suggests a distinctive trait of that character.

Satire

the art of making someone or something look ridiculous, raising laughter in order to embarrass, humble, or discredit its targets.

Point of View

the writer's way of deciding who is telling the story to whom.

1st, 2nd, and 3rd person points of view describe a character's perspectives, from which a story is told. 1st person POV uses "I" and "we." 2nd person POV uses "you." 3rd person POV uses "he," "she," "it," and "they."
Ex. The crucible is third person limited POV

Foil Character

A character whose traits contrast with those of another character. A writer might use a minor character as a foil to emphasize the positive traits of the main character.