Properties of Matter (Summary)

[[Inquiry Question: How do the properties of substances help us to classify and separate them?[[

SUMMARY (addressing individual syllabus points):

1. }}%%Explore homogenous mixtures and heterogenous mixtures through practical investigations:%%}}

• }}using separation techniques based on physical properties}}

• }}calculating percentage composition by weight of component elements and/or compounds}}

  Mixture - matter made up of two or more chemical species

  • Mixtures can be broken down into two different types of mixtures:
  • Homogenous Mixtures - a mixture that is uniform throughout (evenly spread out)
  • Examples: Air (gas), Milk (liquid) and Metal Alloy (solid)
  • Heterogenous Mixtures - a mixture that is not uniform throughout (not evenly spread out)
  • Examples: Sea water (with sand, seaweed and water)
  • Physical properties are required to separate mixtures as we want their separate physical components
  • Separating mixtures into their components relies on differences in the physical properties of the components
  • The different separating techniques and the specific physical properties it relies on include:

• separating mixtures, we can find how much each component weighs
• we can also find the percentage composition which is the percentage of each component in comparison to the total mixture

1. }}Investigate the nomenclature of inorganic substances using International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry naming conventions}}
2. }}Classify the elements based on their properties and position in the periodic table through their}}

• }}physical properties}}
• Properties - characteristic behaviours of a substance
• help to describe and identify a substance
• help to separate and purify different substances
• Knowing where a particular element is located in the periodic table we can allow the prediction of some of its physical properties
• Also knowing an element's physical properties, we can predict roughly where it would be located or what type of element they are
• the periodic table highlights three basic classes of elements
  • Metals
  • mostly solid at room temperature
  • some are found in pure form but most are combined with other metals
  • They make up the: Transition metals, Groups 1 and 2 (alkaline and alkaline earth metals), Lanthonoids and Actonoids
  • Metal ions are positive ions (cations)
  • Examples: Sodium → Na, Magnesium → Mg
  • Non-metals
  • many found in the gaseous state with the exception of a few in the solid and liquid state
  • They make up: Groups 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 (including Halogens and Nobles Gases)
  • Non-metal ions are negative ions (anions)
  • Examples: Chlorine → Cl, Oxygen → O
  • Metalloids:
  • no definition or general characteristics
  • Examples: Silicon → Si, Arsenic → As
• Each of their properties are as follows:

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