Pathophysiology Circulatory System

What is the primary function of the heart valves?

Ensure unidirectional blood flow through heart chambers.

Atrioventricular valve located between the right atrium and ventricle.

Tricuspid valve.

Atrioventricular valve located between the left atrium and ventricle.

Mitral/Bicuspid valve.

What is the role of the pulmonic valve?

Controls flow to the pulmonary artery.

What condition involves stiffening or deformity of heart valves?

Valvular stenosis.

Excess fluid in the pericardial cavity is known as __________.

Pericardial effusion.

What are the two layers of the pericardium?

Tough outer layer and serous inner layer.

What is the primary function of the myocardium?

Heart's working muscle responsible for involuntary contractions.

What disease affects the heart muscle and can be caused by genetics or infections?

Cardiomyopathy.

What is infective endocarditis?

A bacterial infection leading to vegetative lesions on the heart's lining.

What is the main function of the right ventricle?

Pumps blood to the lungs.

What pathological change can result from heart failure in the ventricles?

Myocardial hypertrophy.

What are the three layers of blood vessels?

Tunica externa, tunica media, and tunica intima.

What is the primary function of capillaries?

Site of gas, nutrient, and waste exchange.

What condition is characterized by inadequate oxygen supply due to reduced blood flow?

Ischemia.

What is chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)?

A condition caused by incompetent valves in the veins.

What should be monitored as key nursing considerations for heart failure?

Signs of fluid retention, dyspnea, and fatigue.

What educational aspect is important for patients with heart issues?

Lifestyle changes for heart health and medication adherence.