1.2.1 - Carbohydrates 1 - monosaccharides and disaccharides

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23 Terms

1

What do carbohydrate molecules consist of?

Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

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2

What are long chains of sugars called?

saccharides

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3

What are the three type of saccharides?

Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides

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4

Monosaccharide

single sugar molecule

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5

Disaccharide

Two monosaccharides

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6

Polysaccharide

Many monosaccharides

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7

How do monosaccharides join together to form disaccharides and polysaccharides?

by glyosidic bonds formed in condensation reactions

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8

What is the difference between alpha glucose and beta glucose

The orientation of the hydroxyl (-OH) group on carbon 1.

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9

What is the structural formula of glucose alpha + draw

C6H1206

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10

What is the structural formula of beta glucose + draw

C6H1206

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11

Ribose


A monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms.
A pentose sugar and a component of RNA.

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12

What is the structural formula of ribose + draw

C5H10O5

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<p><span>C5H10O5</span><br></p><img src="https://knowt-user-attachments.s3.amazonaws.com/955988a4-95d1-4565-a7a1-4bceb5fbf799.png" data-width="100%" data-align="center" alt="knowt flashcard image"><p></p>
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13

What is the structural formula of deoxyribose + draw

C5H10O4

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<p>C5H10O4</p><img src="https://knowt-user-attachments.s3.amazonaws.com/b9526a2e-cf2d-4b19-a29e-a27793d23eee.png" data-width="100%" data-align="center" alt="knowt flashcard image"><p></p>
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14

Name a ribose isomer and its feature(s) and where it’s found

deoxyribose, lacks the OH group on the second carbon of the sugar ring, found in the DNA

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15

Maltose

a disaccharide formed by condensation of two glucose molecules

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16

Sucrose

Sucrose is a disaccharide formed by condensation of glucose and fructose

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17

Lactose

Lactose is a disaccharide formed by condensation of glucose & galactose

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18

What are some glucose units polysaccharides are made of?

  • Glycogen and starch which are both formed by the condensation of alpha glucose

  • Cellulose formed by the condensation of beta glucose

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19

Glycogen

  • the main energy storage molecule in animals and is formed from many molecules of alpha glucose joined together by 1, 4 and 1, 6 glyosidic bonds .

  • has a large number of side branches meaning that the molecule can be hydrolysed and energy can be released quickly.

  • It is a relatively large, but compact molecule thus maximizing the amount of energy it can store.

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20

What is two polysaccharides is starch a mixture of?

Amylopectin and Amylose

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21

Amylose

  • An unbranched chain of glucose molecules joined by 1, 4 glycosidic bonds .

  • As a result, amylose is coiled

  • Very compact molecule meaning it can store a lot of energy.

● Amylopectin is made up of glucose molecules joined by 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds, making it a branched molecule. Due to the presence of many side branches, it is rapidly digested by enzymes, therefore, energy is released quickly. It is also a compact molecule, although not as compact as amylose.

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22

Amylopectin

  • is made up of glucose molecules joined by 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds, making it a branched molecule.

  • Due to the presence of many side branches, it is rapidly digested by enzymes,

  • therefore, energy is released quickly. It is also a compact molecule, although not as compact as amylose.

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23

Cellulose

  • a component of cell walls in plants and is composed of long, unbranched chains of beta glucose monomers which are joined by 1,4 glycosidic bonds.

  • Microfibres and microfibrils are strong threads which are made of long cellulose chains joined together by hydrogen bonds and they provide structural support in plant cells.

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