The allele that determines the phenotype of a gene when the individual is heterozygous for that gene.
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F1 generation
The offspring of the P generation.
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F2 generation
The offspring of the F1 generation.
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genotype
The genetic makeup of an organism.
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heterozygous
Having two different alleles for a given gene.
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homozygous
Having two identical alleles for a given gene.
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P generation
The parent individuals from which offspring are derived in studies of inheritance.
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phenotype
The expressed traits of an organism.
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punnett square
A diagram used in the study of inheritance to show the results of random fertilization.
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recessive allele
An allele that has no noticeable effect on the phenotype of a gene when the individual is heterozygous for that gene.
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trait
A variant of a character found within a population, such as purple flowers in pea plants.
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true-breeding
Referring to organisms for which sexual reproduction produces offspring with inherited traits identical to those of the parents; the organisms are homozygous for the characteristics under consideration.