exam two: advanced aircraft systems

power systems for flight controls include

hydraulic pressure to the large surface area

how many air conditioning packs are normally installed on large aircraft

1 may handle air conditioning needs at many altitudes but an additional 1 is installed as a backup and for additional pressurization needs

what is a danger of explosive decompression

lung damage is possible with significant differential pressure

pneumatic power is used for all of the following EXCEPT

compressed air for the combustion section of the turbine engine

What is not a type of oxygen mask on a large commercial aircraft

electrical impulse demand

what is the primary purpose of spoilers

aids in roll authority

safety mechanisms for flight control use include all except

flight spoilers that destroy lift on the horizontal stabilizer for emergency descent capability

how is pitch accomplished on large commercial aircraft

horizontal stabilizers are augmented by elevators, trim tabs, and balance tabs

how is roll control accomplished on large commercial aircraft

spoilers working in conjunction with aiilerons

what factor does not significantly affect the decompression rate

cabin temperature during decompression

trapped gases can be a significant problem during rapid decompression. where would you expect to experience those problem?

in the ear and sinuses

what is a value of recirculation fans in the air conditioning system

they reduce the workload of the air conditioning packs and increase engine efficiency

on large commercial aircraft speed brakes function by

raising the spoilers symmetrically

what are some of the secondary flight control devices on commercial aircraft

spoilers, balance tabs, and leading edge devices

what is a unique feature of ailerons in some large commercial aircraft

they vary their deflection to minimize twisting moments at high speeds

roll spoilers are normally located

on the upper

what is the primary value of slotted trailing edge flaps

allows high pressure air to move through the slot to the top of the airfoil assisting in lift and reducing airflow separation

where are spoilers normally located on the aircraft

on the upper surface of the wing

the purpose of yaw damper is to

minimize fish-tailing and dutch roll tendencies

sources for pneumatic air include all EXCEPT

hydraulic pump turning pneumatic pressure unit

what is the purpose of the air conditioning heat exchanger

heat is transferred from hot bleed air to cool air passing over/through the heat exchanger

an advantage to fly by wire is

weight savings can be substantial due to limited mechanical or hydraulic components

what areas of the aircraft are normally pressurized by the air conditioning packs (heat exchanger and air cycle machine)

the cabin, flight deck, and frequently cargo bays

what component is responsible for regulating pressure in the aircraft cabin

the outflow valve

spoilers are normally located

symmetrically across both wings

braking capability is maximized by

deploying ground spoilers to add downward force on the landing gear

what is a danger of pneumatic bleed air used in aircraft

high temp air entering unprotected areas of the wing

what is NOT a primary purpose of the air conditioning pack

it provides additional air for multiple sections of the engine

what is a normal maximum cabin pressure altitude for aircraft flying at maximum certified altitude

8,000ft

what does the air cycle machine use for its primary source of hot air

bleed air from the engine combustion section

leading edge boots

ice removal method

cant handle sev

inflate to shed ice

weeping wing

Glycol force thru leading edge pinholes

All you need is fluid reservoir

No aerodynamic interference

No engine bleed drawl

Added weight for glycol

bleed air thermal anti ice

Most modern and commercial jets

Uses hot, high pressure bleed air

Normally anti ice systems

most common

Electrically heated systems

Limited to smaller surface areas

Rotate from blade to blade on props

Multiple components heated electrically

Windshield: anti ice and bird strike protection

Pilot probes/ some static ports

Stall sensors/ AOA vanes

Engine inlet anti ice

Anti ice to prevent internal damage

Protected area

Cowling leading edge

Sensor probe (EPR)

Low pressure area cools air and allows freezing

Fan blades: vibration indications monitored for damage or ice

ice vanes

Ice vane opens to shed ice before it enters compressor

Reduces thrust available for takeoff

Power needs considered

fuel icing protection

Chemical anti ice additives

Fuel lines heated (heat exchangers)

Heated fuel filters

Fuel temp indicator min and max

other comps that are heated

-fuel vents and tanks

engine rain protection

Susceptible to flame out in heavy rain

Multiple igniter selectable

types of alerting systems

1. visual

2. audible: 3 chimes emer, 1 advisory

3. kinestic

EICAS

Engine Indicating Crew Alerting System

on most boeing

color coded messages

2 displays: primary ( engine data and colored messages) and secondary (flap position, supporting, fuel)

ECAM

electronic centralized aircraft monitoring

Found on many airbus aircraft

Dual displays similar to EICAS

Can advise corrective action

EPR first

color codes

red: warning

yellow: issue need attention

green/blue/white: requires monitoring

APU fire detection and protection

only one halon bottle

Self monitor/shutdown cpapabilty

Lock down release button

wheel wells

Overheat sensors in well or near brakes

Airflow extinguishing and cooling

Tires often filled with nitrogen to reduce o2 available for brake fires

Lavatories

Often no flight deck fire indication

Smoke alarms for audible warning

Auto system to detect and extinguish

Battery compartments

Generally not monitored for fire

Changes are moving in that direction of Li-Ion batteries

Batt temp monitoring system being incorporated

Fire detection designated to be self contained

Nitrogen Generating system (NGS)

nitrogen enriched air NEA displaces air in fuel tank

- O2 pumped overboard

- Fuel tank is no longer combustible

Fire extinguisher types

Type A Ash

Normal combustions

Type B things that go BANG

Flammable liquids

Type C CHARGED ir Circurity

Electrical fires

Type D Dent

Metallic fires (magnesium)

Halon covers ABCD

FMA Flight mode annunciator

Indicates what your automation is doing

types of flight directors

Cross hair:

V-Bar

Mode control Panel (MCP)

Ac movement controls

Autopilot-throttle on/off

AUTOPILOT 3 axis

Pitch

Roll

Yaw

Inertial reference system (IRS)

Positional reference internally calculated

gyros/accelerometers for pitch roll and yaw

CDU control display unity

Pilots link to the FMC and FMS

Performance and route stat terminal

Display data entry error

Displays caution/warning system error during flight

May have multi use functionality

ID page

Ensures correct ac

Ensures up to date nav database

Ensures correct engine mode

ACARS

aircraft communication and reporting system.

FOQA: flight operational quality assurance

Voluntary monitoring/reporting of ac flight data for safety improvements

Data provided to faa, company, and crew

Controller-pilot Data-Link Communication (CPDLC)

Digital link between atc and pilots

Minimizes frequency congestion

Ensures accuracy of comm

PDC (Pre-Departure Clearance)

20-30 mins or so before

Electronic version of your call to delivery

Departure Clearance (DCL)

accept/reject capability

Updates prior to departure can be sent to pilots

Only used for ground communication

Atc terminates data link connection prior to takeoff

Type 1 de-icing fluid

red or orange

best for de icing

heated

no min rotation speed

visual

eye level attention getter

audible

status advisory

caution attention grabber

repeats faster gets llouder

usually has to be cancelled by pilot

type 2 de icing

thicker and shears off on takeoff

100knots

type 4

superior to 2 and 3

green

longest hold over time

100knots

hold over time

estimated time fluid prevents frozen accumulation

varies with precip intensity

good luck boss