HIST 1001 FINAL Exam Primary Sources Guide

Gospel of Matthew, Sermon on the Mount

Jesus delivers teachings on humility, mercy, righteousness, love, and nonviolence. Central themes include the Beatitudes, loving enemies, avoiding hypocrisy, and prioritizing inner virtue over outward religious acts.

Matthew 5-7

Jesus' Sermon on the Mount: Jesus delivers foundational teachings on ethics and spirituality, including the Beatitudes, the Lord's Prayer, and moral exhortations like loving enemies and seeking righteousness.

"Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven. Blessed are those who mourn, for they will be comforted. Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit the earth. Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they will be filled."

"You have heard that it was said, 'Eye for eye, and tooth for tooth.' But I tell you, do not resist an evil person. If anyone slaps you on the right cheek, turn to them the other cheek also. And if anyone wants to sue you and take your shirt, hand over your coat as well. If anyone forces you to go one mile, go with them two miles. Give to the one who asks you, and do not turn away from the one who wants to borrow from you."

More on Matthew 5-7

"You have heard that it was said, 'Eye for eye, and tooth for tooth.' But I tell you, do not resist an evil person. If anyone slaps you on the right cheek, turn to them the other cheek also. And if anyone wants to sue you and take your shirt, hand over your coat as well. If anyone forces you to go one mile, go with them two miles. Give to the one who asks you, and do not turn away from the one who wants to borrow from you."

The Passion of Saints Perpetua and Felicity

A Christian martyrdom narrative where Perpetua, a Roman noblewoman, and her servant Felicity are imprisoned and executed for their faith in Roman North Africa.

Their story has a theme of Faith and courage in the face of persecution.

Constantine's Edict of Milan (313 AD)

A proclamation granting religious tolerance in the Roman Empire, particularly for Christianity. It legalizes Christian worship and restores confiscated church property.

What is a key theme of the Sermon on the Mount (Gospel of Matthew)?

Inner righteousness and humility

Perpetua's visions in her Passion narrative symbolize:

Divine triumph over suffering

The Edict of Milan (313 A.D.) was significant because it:

Legalized Christian worship

(The Edict of Milan was a political agreement between emperors Licinius and Constantine in 313 CE that would PERMANENTLY legalize Christian faith in the Roman Empire)

St. Jerome is best known for:

Translating the Bible from Greek and Hebrew into Latin in the 4th to 5th century

(THIS IS THE VULGATE)

The Life of Charlemagne by Einhard highlights:

His devotion to Christian learning and governance

The Siege of Paris, as told by Abbo, shows:

The threat of Viking raids to Christian Europe

According to Galbert of Bruges, homage and fealty were:

Feudal obligations between lords and vassals

Manorial court pleas offer insight into:

Local feudal justice and peasant life