Science- Chemical Structure and Patterns

Term 3

What are Alkali Metals?

Group 1 (la) elements of the periodic table.

They include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium and francium.

They react with water to form alkali.

What is allotrope?

Different forms of the same element

What is an alloy?

A mixture of a base metal and small amounts of other elements.

What is an anion?

An ion that has more electrons than protons and is negatively charged.

What is an atom?

The fundamental building block of all materials; it consists of a cluster of protons and neutrons surrounded by a cloud of electrons.

What is an atomic number?

The number of protons in a nucleus; the atomic number determines what type of atom it is

What is cation?

An ion that has more protons than electrons and is positively charged

What is a compound?

a pure substance is made up of two or more different types of atoms chemically joined

What is a crystal lattice?

a grid-like structure of atoms or ions in which each particle is bonded to all of its neighbouring atoms

What is ductile?

Able to be stretched into wires

What is an electron?

lightest stable subatomic particle known. It carries a negative charge and is found in the atoms orbit.

What is an element?

A substance made up of only one atom

What is fission?

A nuclear reaction in which a very large nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei of smaller mass number.

What is a fusion?

A nuclear reaction in which two small nuclei come together to form one larger nucleus

What is a group?

In the periodic table there are 18 vertical columns were referred to as groups. A group contains elements with same number of electrons and their out of shell due to which they show similar properties

What is a half-life?

The time it takes for half the nuclei to decay

What is an ion?

An atom that has gained or lost an electron

What are isotopes?

Atoms that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons.

What is lustrous?

Shines when polished or freshly cut

What is malleable?

Able to be hammered into new shapes

What is metaloid?

An element with both metallic and non-metallic properties, eg silicon or boron

What is a molecule?

A cluster of atoms that makes up an element or a compound.

What is a nuclear chain reaction?

A chain reaction refers to a process in which neutrons released in fission produce protons and any neutrons

What is a period?

A period is a horizontal row on the periodic table. There are seven periods in the periodic table, with each beginning in the far left.

What is the periodic table?

The periodic table is a tabular array of the chemical elements organised by atomic number, from the element with the lowest atomic number, hydrogen, to the element with the highest atomic number, oganesson.

What is a polymer?

A substance made up of long chains of smaller units that are repeated along the chain

What are properties?

The characteristics of a substance

What is a proton?

A stable subatomic particle that has a positive charge and found in the nucleus.

What does radioactive mean?

Emitting radiation

What is radiotherapy?

A cancer treatment in which tumours are exposed to high concentrations of radiation

What is matter?

Anythings that has mass, takes up space. Almost everything in the universe is made up of matter.

What are the 3 states of matter?

Solid, liquid, gas

What needs to happen to particles for them to become a solid, liquid or gas?

Energy needs to be added or removed

What is matter made up of?

Particles called atoms. These atoms are mostly joined together to form molecules

What is a molecule?

the smallest particle of a substance that retains all the properties of the substance and is made up of one or more atoms.

What is a compound?

It’s made up or consisting of two or more different atoms or elements

What is a mixture?

A substance made by mixing other substances together. The individual substances in a mixture can be separated from each other by physical means.

The properties of a mixture are a kind of average of the properties of the substance in it.

What are pure substances?

Elements and compounds are pure substances, mixtures are not. If a pure substance can be separated by chemical means it is a compound. An element cannot be separated any more because it only have one type of atom

What is an element?

If you seperate a compound into it's individual parts by using chemical reactions, you form elements

What is a molecule?

The smallest particle of a substance that has all of the physical and chemical properties of that substance. They are made up of one or more atoms

What is a compound?

A substance made by chemically combining elements. The individual elements cannot be separated by physical means.