Español III Exam 2 Grammar

Por v.s. Para: Indicate the recipient

Para

Por v.s. Para: Indicate the goal

Para (in order to)

Por v.s. Para: Indicate a point in time/deadline

Para

Por v.s. Para: Indicate a destination

Para

Por v.s. Para: Compare something with the norm

Para

Por v.s. Para: Indicate the employer

Para

Por v.s. Para: Indicate an opinion

Para

Por v.s. Para: Indicate the reason

Por (because of)

Por v.s. Para: Indicate the cause

Por

Por v.s. Para: Indicate mode of transportation

Por

Por v.s. Para: Indicate mode of communication

Por

Por v.s. Para: Indicate the route

Por

Por v.s. Para: Indicate “per”

Por

Por v.s. Para: Indicate agent of passive construction

Por

Por v.s. Para: Indicate “in exchange for”

Por

Por v.s. Para: Common expressions

Por

Por v.s. Para: Indicate length of time

Por

Will and Influence/Emotions → Change in Subject

(no) verb1[indicative] + que + (no) verb2[subjunctive]

Will and Influence/Emotions → No Change in Subject

(no) verb1[indicative] + (no) verb2[infinitive]

Ojalá

Subjunctive always

Opinion, Doubt, Probability → Change in Subject and Affirmative

Indicative

Opinion, Doubt, Probability → Change in Subject and Negation/Doubt

Subjunctive

Opinion, Doubt, Probability → No Change in Subject

Any of the 3 (no “que” before infinitive)

Impersonal Expressions

Subjunctive except for es cierto, obvio, seguro, etc. (indicative)

llamar a alguien

to name or to call (phone/get attention) someone

llamarse

to have a name, call yourself by phone

enfadar, enojar, molestar a alguien

to anger/bother someone

enfadarse, enojarse, molestarse con alguien/por algo

to get angry at someone/due to something

deprimir a alguien

to depress someone

deprimirse con/por algo o por alguien

to become depressed

preocupar a alguien

to worry someone

preocuparse por alguien/algo

to be worried

asustar a alguien

to scare someone

asustarse de/por algo

to be scared

divertir, aburrir a alguien

to entertain, bore someone

divertirse, aburrirse con algo/alguien

to have fun, get bored

acordar algo

to agree on

acordarse de algo/alguien

to remember, recall

probar algo

to try, taste, prove something

probarse algo

to try something on

despedir a alguien

to fire someone

despedirse de alguien/algo

to say goodbye

dar cuenta de algo

to report

darse cuenta de algo

to realize

enfocar algo/a alguien

to focus, to shine a light on

enfocarse en algo

to focus on something

poner algo

to put, play music, set the table

ponerse

to become, get or put on

dormir

to sleep

dormirse

to fall asleep

encontrar algo/a alguien

to find

encontrarse (con alguien) o (bien, etc.)

to meet, to feel

Impersonal/Passive Se: infinitive(s), adverb, “que”, or preposition

3rd person singular

Impersonal/Passive Se: inanimate object(s)

3rd person singular or plural

Impersonal/Passive Se: people specific

3rd person singular and ‘a’

Impersonal/Passive Se: people general

3rd person singular or plural

Accidental se construction

(A alguien) + se + indirect pronoun + verb (3rd person singular/plural) + subject