apes ch 7 atmospheric pollution

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46 Terms

1
air pollutants released into atmosphere during coal combustion
carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide
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2
air pollutants released into atmosphere during combustion of fossil fuels
nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, particles
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3
formed by nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere
ozone, photochemical smog, acid rain
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4
acid rain
nitrogen oxides (via fossil fuels) to nitric acid in the atmosphere
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5
affected by so2 in atmosphere via fossil fuels (ex. diesel)
air quality
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6
clean air act
regulate lead use (fossil fuels)
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7
major air pollutants (clean air act 1970)
sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, particulate matter
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8
combustion of fuels (coal and oil), sulfur + o2, volcanoes and forest fires
sulfur dioxide
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9
no = colorless/odorless, no2 = reddish brown, forms with all combustion (mostly fossil fuels), fires + lightning + bacteria in soil,
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10
forms tropospheric ozone and photo smog
nitrogen oxides
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11
colorless/odorless gas formed with incomplete combustion,
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12
common in vehicle exhaust, dangerous indoor pollutant
carbon monoxide
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13
colorless/odorless gas formed with complete combustion (fossil fuels and biomass)
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14
complete combustion
sufficient o2, only co2 and h2o
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15
incomplete combustion
limited oxygen, co and other matter alongside co2 and h2o
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16
particulate matter range
0.1μm to 100 μm
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17
size of particle filtered out of nose
x > 10μm
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18
toxic, can get deep into respiratory tract
pm 2.5
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19
particulate matter scatters light
haze
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20
sunlight + no2 or so2
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21
harmful to tissue
photochemical oxidants
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22
most abundant photochemical in troposphere, causes asthma
ozone
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23
oxidants + particulate matter
smog
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24
smog comprised of oxidants like ozone
photochemical, Los Angeles smog (brown)
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25
smog with mostly so2 and sulfate (burning of coal)
sulfurous, London (gray)
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26
found in rocks/soils
pb
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27
found in coal/oil/combustion
hg
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28
organic compounds that become vapor at common atmospheric temperature, form photochemical oxidants
volatile organic compounds (voc's)
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29
voc examples
gasoline, lighter fluid, oil-based paints
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30
directly out of an emission source (smoke stack, exhaust)
primary pollutants
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31
primary pollutants examples
carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, vocs
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32
primary pollutants that have undergone transformation via sunlight, h2o, or o2
secondary pollutants
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33
secondary pollutant examples
o3, h2so4, hno3
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34
nitrogen oxides + vocs + sunlight
photochemical smog
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35
nitrogen oxide = __________ time of day
early
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36
ozone concentration peak in the _______________ bc of o2 and sunlight
afternoon and summer
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37
thermal inversion
earths surface becomes cooler than higher altitudes (warmer midlayer)
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38
traps pollution close to ground (smog/particles)
thermal inversion
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39
indoor particulate pollutants
asbestos, dust, smoke
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40
natural indoor air pollutants
radon, mold, dust
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41
man-made indoor pollutants
insulation, vocs, lead, formaldehyde, lead
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42
indoor combustion pollutants
carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, smoke
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43
radioactive gas in radon decay in basements
radon 222
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44
allow gasses thru but trap particles
fabric (bag house) filters
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45
charge particles to stick to plates and remove
electrostatic precipitators
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46
water + air to separate and remove particles
scrubbers
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