APUSH Ch 13 vocab

King Cotton

cotton and cotton-growing considered, in the pre-Civil War South, as a vital commodity, the major factor not only in the economy but also in politics.

habeas corpus

An order to produce an arrested person before a judge.

contrabands

escaped slaves

Radical Republicans

After the Civil War, a group that believed the South should be harshly punished and thought that Lincoln was sometimes too compassionate towards the South.

Emancipation Proclamation

Issued by abraham lincoln on september 22, 1862 it declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be free

greenbacks

Name for Union paper money not backed by gold or silver. Value would fluctuate depending on status of the war (plural)

one-tenth tax

A tax adopted by the Confederacy in 1863 that required all farmers to turn over a tenth of their crops and livestock to the government for military use. The tax demonstrated the southern government's strong use of centralized power; it caused great hardship for poor families.

draft (conscription)

The system for selecting individuals for conscription, or compulsory military service, first implemented during the Civil War.

twenty-Negro rule

In 1863 this law was passed that exempted an owner or overseer of twenty or more slaves from service at war

draft riots

Conscription Act in 1863 forced men between 20-45 years old to be eligible for conscription but one could avoid it if they paid 300 or got someone in their place; provoked anger from poor workers

Lieber Code

signed by President Abraham Lincoln to the Union Forces of the United States during the American Civil War that dictated how soldiers should conduct themselves in wartime.

US Sanitary Commission

Founded with the help of Elizabeth Blackwell, the government agency trained nurses, collected medical supplies, and equipped hospitals in an effort to help the Union Army. The commission helped professionalize nursing and gave many women the confidence and organizational skills to propel the women's movement in the postwar years.

Women's Loyal National League

formed on May 14, 1863, to campaign for an amendment to the U.S. Constitution that would abolish slavery

Gettysburg Address

A 3-minute address by Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War (November 19, 1963) at the dedication of a national cemetery on the site of the Battle of Gettysburg

hard war

The philosophy and tactics used by Union general William Tecumseh Sherman, by which he treated civilians as combatants.

miscegenation

biological reproduction by partners of different racial categories

Special Field Order No. 15

An order by General William T. Sherman, later reversed by policymakers, that granted confiscated land to formerly enslaved families in Georgia and South Carolina so they could farm independently.