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37 Terms
1
Stress
A response involving an unpleasant state caused by our reactions and perceptions of external events.
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2
Well Being
A positive state of life and health satisfaction, including the absence of disease.
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3
Biopsychosocial Model
A model that suggests health and illness result from biological conditions, behavioral factors, and social contexts.
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4
Health Disparities
Differences in health outcomes among different social groups, often based on age, gender, socioeconomic status, race, and ethnicity.
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5
Immigrant Paradox
The observation that immigrants often have better health outcomes than later generations born in the U.S.
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6
Socioeconomic Status Health Gradient
The correlation between an individual's socioeconomic status and their health outcomes, with lower status linked to worse health.
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7
General Adaptation Syndrome
The body's three-phase response to stress: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
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8
Eustress
A type of positive stress that can motivate and improve performance.
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9
Distress
A type of negative stress that can overwhelm and impair functioning.
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10
Coping Response
An attempt to avoid, escape, or minimize stressors.
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11
Allostatic Load
The cumulative wear and tear on the body from chronic stress.
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12
Diathesis-Stress Model
A model that suggests that psychological disorders develop when a predisposition is coupled with stress.
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13
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
A therapy that modifies dysfunctional emotions, behaviors, and thoughts by interrogating and changing unhelpful cognitive distortions.
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14
Placebo Effect
Improvement resulting from the mere expectation of treatment rather than from the treatment itself.
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15
Social Identity Theory
A theory proposing that a person's sense of who they are is based on their group membership(s).
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16
Fundamental Attribution Error
The tendency to overemphasize personal traits and underestimate situational factors in explaining other people's behavior.
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17
Bystander Effect
The phenomenon in which individuals are less likely to help a victim when other people are present.
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18
Cognitive Dissonance
The psychological discomfort arising from holding two or more contradictory beliefs or behaviors.
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19
Antisocial Personality Disorder
A personality disorder characterized by a lack of empathy and disregard for social norms.
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20
Attachment Theory
A psychological model that describes the dynamics of long-term interpersonal relationships, primarily focusing on how infant attachments affect behavior.
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21
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
A mental disorder characterized by persistent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions).
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22
Resilience
The ability to recover quickly from adversity or stress.
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23
Social Support
The perception or reality that one is cared for and has assistance from others.
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24
Positive Psychology
The scientific study of what makes life most worth living, focusing on individual strengths and positive qualities.
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25
Self-Serving Bias
The tendency to attribute positive outcomes to oneself and negative outcomes to external factors.
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26
Mental Schema
A cognitive framework that helps organize and interpret information in relation to self-knowledge.
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27
Moral Treatment
An early approach to treating mental illness that emphasized humane and moral care.
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28
Transference
The tendency of the patient to project feelings for others onto the therapist during therapy.
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29
Self-Esteem
A person's overall sense of their value or worth.
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30
Altruism
The selfless concern for the well-being of others.
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31
Chronic Stress
A long-term stress response that leads to exhaustion of the body's resources.
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32
Behavior Therapy
A treatment that seeks to identify and change maladaptive behaviors through techniques like conditioning.
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33
Subsyndromal Disorder
A term for conditions that do not meet the full criteria for a specific disorder but still cause significant distress or impairment.
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34
Hawthorne Effect
Improvements in participant performance resulting from their awareness of being observed.
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35
Social Facilitation
The tendency for people to perform better on tasks in the presence of others.
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36
Cultural Syndromes
Sets of symptoms or behaviors that are recognized as illnesses within specific cultural contexts.
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37
Cognitive Restructuring
A cognitive-behavioral technique for helping clients identify and change unhelpful or distorted thinking patterns.
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