English 9H Figurative Language Final

Simile

comparing two things using like or as

Metaphor

Comparison of two different things without using the words like or as

Implied Metaphor

A metaphor that is not directly stated

Extended Metaphor

A metaphor that runs over multiple lines, passages, or chapters of a text

Dead Metaphor

A dead metaphor has been so used and overused that it has lost its power to surprise, delight, or effectively compare.

Personification

Nonhuman things (animals, objects, elements of nature, and abstract ideas) are given human qualities.

Hyperbole

An extreme exaggeration that overstates the amount, size, or quantity of something, often for dramatic or humorous effect

Understatement

A statement that purposely diminishes the size, amount, impact, or importance of something

Oxymoron

Two contradictory words are placed back to back, usually for an effect of intensity

Paradox

A self-contradictory statement or expression of two conflicting ideas. Something (such as a situation) that is made up of two opposite ideas and that seems impossible but is actually true or possible

What is the difference between this and an oxymoron?

Oxymoron is made of 2 contradictory words

Paradox is made of 2 contradictory ideas, and is at least one sentence long.

Juxtaposition

Placing two mismatched items together for emphasis/comparison/contrast

Pun

A clever play on words that uses homophones (words with the same pronunciation but different meanings). It can also play with words that sound similar, but are not exactly the same

Imagery

Language that appeals to or activates the five senses: Sight, Hearing, Touch, Taste, and Smell

Apostrophe

A person or thing which is absent is addressed

Idiom

A commonly used expression

Euphemism

The substitution of an agreeable or pleasant expression for one that is offensive or inappropriate

Alliteration

repetition of consonant sounds in the beginning of consecutive words (Peter picked a pound of pickles)

Assonance

repetition of vowel sounds anywhere in consecutive words (the sky will rise in the night behind the wise trees)

Rhythm

When the arrangement of words creates an audible pattern or "beat" when read aloud

Meter

Pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables

Onomatopoeia

sound words (boom, crack, buzz, bang, pop)

End Rhyme

rhyme at the end of a line

Internal Rhyme

rhyme within the line

Basic Rhyme

repetition of very similar sounds in 2 or more words

Slant Rhyme

words almost perfectly rhyme, but not quite

Rhyme Scheme

the pattern of rhymes at the end of lines

Allusion

A quick reference to a famous person, place, event, brand, etc.

Repetition

The same exact words or phrases are said more than once

Refrain

the same phrase or verse is repeated at different intervals in the poem/song.

Anaphora

Sentences that are beside each other begin the same, but end differently--the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses

Symbol

an object stands for something else

Dialect/Slang

rticular form of speech to particular group (y'all, aint)

Dialogue

Conversation between people

Flashback

Going back in time

Situational Irony

A situation is the opposite of what we expect

Verbal Irony

a person means the opposite of what they say (sarcasm)

Enjambment

the continuation of a sentence beyond a line break, couplet, or stanza without an expected pause.

Parallelism

phrases in a sentence have the same grammatical pattern (He likes eating, she hates swimming, and they enjoy running)