Physical Education - Musculoskeletal System Revision

A series of flashcards covering key concepts, facts, and definitions related to the musculoskeletal system for physical education.

3 main types of muscle contractions

Concentric, eccentric, and isometric.

what is reciprocal inhibition?

It involves the role of agonists, antagonists, and stabilisers in muscle control.

What is the size principle in muscle recruitment?

It states that smaller motor units are recruited before larger motor units, affecting force production.

What are the bones that make up the knee joint?

The femur, tibia, and patella.

the difference bewteen hinge and ball and socket'

A hinge joint allows movement in one plane (e.g., elbow); a ball and socket joint allows rotational movement (e.g., shoulder).

What muscles are responsible for adduction of the shoulder?

The latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major.

Planterflexion

It is the movement that points the toes downward, primarily performed by the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles.

Explain the difference between acute and chronic injuries. Provide examples.

An acute injury occurs suddenly (e.g., sprain), while a chronic injury develops over time (e.g., tendinitis).

What is osteoporosis characterized by?

It is characterized by decreased calcium absorption and loss, leading to fragile bones.

What are the two key physiological strategies to prevent musculoskeletal injuries?

Warm-up and cool-down practices.

What does the ‘All or nothing’ principle state?

the brain sends a signal to the muscle that wants to contract, if enough force the muscle fibred of the motor units contract fully but if there isnt enough force no contraction will take place

What is an example of a hard tissue injury?

A fracture.

describe the term 3rd class levers

In a third class lever, the effort is applied between the fulcrum and the load (e.g., elbow flexion).

aims for cooldown

To gradually lower heart rate and to aid in the removal of lactic acid.

differences bewteen fast twitch from slow twitch muscle fibers?

Fast twitch fibers are suited for short bursts of energy and fatigue quickly, while slow twitch fibers are more efficient for endurance activities.

What is suggested as a proper warm-up before training?

Dynamic stretching is recommended before training, while static stretching is ideal after.