Unit 4 skeletal system vocabulary: medical terminology

fuctions of the bone

support, protection, mineral storage, blood cell formation, and anchoring/movement of muscles

tendons

fibrous chord of tissue; attached muscle to bone

ligaments

fibrous chord of tissue; attached bone to bone

bone

dense connective tissue made of collagen fibers and minerals

long bones

longer than wide; femur, humorous

short bones

roughly as long as wide; carpals, tarsals

plate-shaped bones

plate-shaped; sternum, scapula, pelvis

irregular bones

shaped irregularly; vertebrae, jawbones, coccyx

diaphysis

The shaft of a long bone

epiphysis

each end of a long bone

articular cartilage

covers the epiphysis

periosteum

covers the rest of the bone

epiphyseal plate (growth plate)

represents an area of cartilage tissue that is constantly being replaced by new, bony tissue as the bone grows

corticle bone (compact bone)

very dense, hard, and strong; found mostly along diaphysis of long bones

medullary cavity

hollow ceneter of corticle bone; contains yellow bone marrow made of mostly fat cells

cancellous bone (spongy bone)

porous and not very dense; mostly found in the epiphysis of long bones

hermatopoiesis

production of blood cells in the bone marrow

joint

any place in the body where 2 or more bones connect

diarthroses

freely moveable joints

amphiarthroses

slightly moveable joints

synarthroses

immovable joints

synovial joints

ball and socket/hinge joints; secrete synovial fluid as a lubricant

Bursa sac

contains synovial fluid

bone processes

areas on bones that extend outward and serve as attatchment zones for muscles and tendons

tubercule

small round process found on many bones

trochanter

one of two large processes found on the femur, or thigh bone

tuberosity

large, rough process found on many bones

condyle

round-knuckle process at a joint

bone depression

opening/hollow region in the surface of a bone, where one bone articulates with another to form a joint; also serves as a passageway for blood vessels and nerves

fossa

shallow pit/cavity in or above a bone

foramen

passageway for blood vessels and nerves

fissure

deep, narrow, slit-like opening

sulcus

groove or furrow

sinus

hollow cavity within a bone

axial skeleton

skull, facial bones, sternum, ribs, and vertebral column

appendicular skeleton

shoulder girdles, arm, wrist, and had bones; pelvic girder; and leg, ankle, and foot bones

sutures

join all facial bones but one (mandible), making them immovable

frontal bone

forms the forehead

parietal bone

forms the roof and upper sides of the cranium

occipital bones

form the posterior floor and walls of cranium

temporal bones

form the sides and base of cranium

sphenoid bones

forms part of base of skull, and floor and sides of eye sockets

ethmoid bone

forms part of the nose, eye socker, and floor of cranium

nasal bones

form the bridge of the nose

vomer

the septum between the L and R cavities of nose

zygomatic bones

cheekbones

maxillary

forms the upper jaw

mandible

forms the lower jaw

palatine bone

forms the posterior part of the hard palate in the mouth

lacrimal bones

make up part of the eye socket

sacrum

slightly curved, triangular bone composed of 5 segments that gradually fuse together during childhood to become 1 bone

coccyx

made of 4 small bones that fuse to become the tailbone

humorous

upper arm bone

radius

smaller bone found on the thumb side of the forearm

ulna

larger forearm bone: proximal end of the ulna forms the elbow

carpal bones

8; bones of the wrist

metacarpals

5; bones of the hand

phalanges

14; finger bones

ischium

posterior part of pelvic bone

ilium

broad, blade-shaped bone that forms the upper part of each side of the pelvis

pubis

anterior part of pelvic none

femur

upper leg bone

patella

bone that forms the anterior part of the knee

tibia

larger, more medially located lower leg bone

fibula

loacted laterally to the tibia; smaller of two lower leg bones

tarsal bones

7; make up the ankle; largest of these bones is the calcaneus

medatarsal bones

5; bones of the mid foot

phalanges

14; toe bones of the foot