HFE UNIT 4 : Human Information Processing & Decision Making

KMK2313

Perceptual Encoding

The process of receiving, filtering, and recognizing sensory information through sensation, selection, and pattern recognition.

Selective Attention

The ability to focus on one specific stimulus while ignoring other distractions.

Divided Attention

The ability to attend to multiple tasks or stimuli simultaneously.

Sustained Attention

The capacity to maintain focus over extended periods of time.

Working Memory

A cognitive system responsible for temporarily holding and processing information; limited in capacity.

Declarative Memory

Memory of facts and events that can be consciously recalled.

Procedural Memory

Memory of skills and how to perform tasks, typically unconscious.

Normative Decision Model

A model that describes how decisions should ideally be made using logical reasoning and utility maximization.

Descriptive Decision Model

A model that explains how decisions are actually made, often involving heuristics and cognitive limitations.

Multi-Attribute Utility Theory

A normative model that calculates the overall utility of options by summing the weighted values of their attributes.

Expected Value Theory

A decision-making model where choices are evaluated by multiplying each outcome's value by its probability.

Subjective Expected Utility (SEU) Theory

A model that incorporates personal values and subjective probabilities into decision making.

Satisficing

Selecting the first acceptable solution rather than the optimal one, due to time or cognitive limits.

Availability Heuristic

Judging the likelihood of events based on how easily examples come to mind.

Confirmation Bias

Framing Bias

The influence on decisions depending on how options are presented—as gains or losses.

Skill-Rule-Knowledge (SRK) Framework

Describes decision-making behavior at three levels: automatic (skill), procedural (rule), and analytical (knowledge).

Recognition-Primed Decision Making

Expert decision-making model that involves rapid recognition of patterns and selection of familiar solutions.

Decision-Support Systems

Interactive tools that help users make decisions by enhancing their cognitive capabilities.

Metacognition

Awareness and regulation of one’s own cognitive processes, including planning, monitoring, and evaluating decisions.