Unit 3 History Key Terms Review

Inflation

The rise of the prices of goods and services and decrease in the value of currency, often leading to economic instability and affecting purchasing power.

Absolute Monarchy

A ruler who has complete authority over government and the lives of the people, exemplified by figures like Louis XIV of France.

Divine Right

The belief that authority to rule comes directly from God, justifying absolute monarchy and often used by monarchs to legitimize their power.

Armada

A fleet of Spanish war ships created by Philip II in order to fight the English, notably the Spanish Armada of 1588 which aimed to invade England.

Caravel

A lightweight, fast ship that was used to carry cargo on long voyages, instrumental in the Age of Exploration for its navigational advantages.

Phillip II

Ruler of Spain who advanced Catholic power throughout the world with his armada, notably against England in 1588.

Louis XIV

French ruler who built a palace at Versailles and developed French culture, epitomizing absolute monarchy and centralization of power.

Peter the Great

Ruler of Russia who carried out social and economic reforms to westernize Russia, including modernizing the military and government.

Elizabeth I

Ruler of England who secured English power through the use of seadogs & naval superiority, defeating the Spanish Armada.

Charles V

Ruler of Spain who divided his Spanish and Austrian lands among his family members, managing a vast empire.

Mercantilism

An economic theory that emphasizes the role of the state in managing the economy, particularly through the regulation of trade and the accumulation of wealth.

The English Bill of Rights (1689)

A landmark document that limited the powers of the monarchy and laid the foundation for a constitutional monarchy in England.

The Peace of Westphalia (1648)

Ended the Thirty Years' War and resulted in the division of the Holy Roman Empire into 300 independent states.

Divine Right

The belief that monarchs derive their authority directly from God.

Line of Demarcation

Established by the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 to divide the New World between Spain and Portugal.

Columbian Exchange

Exchange of people, goods, ideas, diseases, food, animals between the eastern and western hemispheres.

Middle Passage Way

The voyage transporting slaves from Africa to the Americas.