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Chapter 14 - The Ramifications of Slavery

Peculiar Institution

  • Created by John C. Calhoun

  • Was a euphemism used to avoid directly naming slavery

  • Based on the belief that slavery was beneficial to US + slaves

Cotton Kingdom

  • 1800-1865

  • Focused on the importance of cotton to Southern economies

  • Southern economies had ideally suited climate for cash crops

  • Inventions like the cotton gin + screw press made cotton production more efficient

  • Raw material required by Britain + Northern textile factories

Mason-Dixon Line

  • Border between Maryland + Pennsylvania

  • Divided North + South to determine if territories were slave or free states

Cotton Gin

  • 1793

  • Invented by Eli Whitney

  • Used to quickly + efficiently produce more cotton

Slave Codes

  • Tolerated harsh punishment + murder of slaves

  • Enforced white supremacy

  • Slaves were forbidden from owning their own property or traveling freely

  • 1833 - Slave states toughened slave codes

Manumission

  • Formal freeing of slaves

  • Manumission laws were eventually tightened to prevent increase of free African American population

  • Practiced by few slave owners (most kept slaves until they died)

Amistad

  • 1839 - Slaves revolted on slave ship Amistad

  • Helped by John Q. Adams

  • After securing their freedom, they returned to Sierra Leone

Christian Paternalism

  • Southern revivals shared by slaves + slave owners

  • Practicers of Christian paternalism treated their slaves better BUT were against manumission

  • Believed that treating their slaves better would lead them to be more efficient + produce more cotton

Gabriel Prosser

  • 1800 - 1st leader of slave insurrection

  • When his plans were leaked to the governor of Virginia, he was hanged

Denmark Vesey

  • Purchased his education + freedom

  • After reading abolitionist literature, he became very dissatisfied with slavery

  • 1822 - When it was discovered that he was planning a slave revolt, he was hanged

  • Inspired John Brown

Nat Turner

  • Led a successful slave uprising

  • 1831 - After the rebellion he was captured and hanged

  • Resulted in the South tightening their slave codes

Frederick Douglass

  • Abolitionist, author, orator

  • 1841 - Wrote famous abolitionist speeches

  • 1845 - Wrote Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass

  • Published the North Star, an abolitionist newspaper

  • Advisor to John Brown + Abraham Lincoln

  • Inspired abolitionists

Sojourner Truth

  • Abolitionist orator

  • 1826 - Escaped from slavery

  • 1851 - Attended women’s rights convention

Negro Spirituals

  • Combination of African + American influences

  • Used to mix African culture + the experience of being a slave

  • Kept spirits high while slaves were forced to work in the fields

  • Eventually used to send coded messages in the Underground Railroad

Slave Society

  • The more property and slaves a person owned, the more powerful they were

  • Slave posses were used to capture escaped slaves

  • Acceptance of “peculiar institution”

Black Codes

  • Kept free African Americans “in their place”

  • Prevented slave uprisings

  • Led to much racism + discrimination

Hinton R. Helper

  • __1857 __- Wrote The Impending Crisis of the South

    • Attacked slave owners

    • Believed slave states had a weak economy compared to free states

    • Abolitionist message

  • Was still racist, as he wanted to deport African Americans to Africa

Positive Good Theory

  • Created by John C. Calhoun

  • Belief that slaves’ lives were “better” than Africans’ + Northern factory workers’ lives

  • Belief that African Americans needed the guidance of whites, which made them acceptable to serve as slaves

George Fitzhugh

  • Promoter of the positive good theory

  • Believed that a slave society was an ideal society

  • Wanted the expansion of slavery

  • 1854 - Wrote Sociology for the South

Elijah P. Lovejoy

  • Editor + publisher of an abolitionist newspaper

  • Killed by a mob in 1837

William Lloyd Garrison

  • 1831 - Published The Liberator, an abolitionist newspaper

  • Abolitionist societies

  • Fully supported Civil War

  • Beliefs in prohibition + women’s rights

Harriet Tubman

  • 1849 - Escaped slavery

  • Leader of the Underground Railroad

  • Guided 300+ slaves to freedom

  • Nicknamed Moses

Underground Railroad

  • 1840 - Supported emancipation of slaves

  • 1830-1860 - Helped 50,000+ slaves escape

  • Slaves were helped along by Quakers + abolitionists

  • Personal liberty laws protected escaped slaves

American Colonization Society

  • Founded in 1816

  • Had the goal of transporting free African Americans to Africa

  • The Nat Turner rebellion eventually shut down African emigration

BIG PICTURE

  • Slavery + cotton shaped Southern society

  • African slavery - “Positive good”

  • Slaves developed unique culture

  • Abolitionists called for end to slavery

  • South - Pro-slavery + political tactics

  • Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

    • Impressment - Captured + forced Americans into British Navy

    • HMS Leopard (Britain) attacked USS Chesapeake (US)

    • Jefferson protested to Britain → No effect (continued impressment)

  • Jefferson’s philosophy

    • Limit power of federal gov’t

    • Less gov’t spending (reduced size of military)

    • Pay off debts

    • Lowered tariffs + got rid of excise taxes

  • Effects of the War of 1812

    • NA lost land + pushed West

    • Expanded slavery + cotton production in South

    • No territory gained/lost by US + England

    • US became economically self-reliant + increased manufacturing

    • **Era of Good Feelings - One political party → No party conflict

  • Naval problems

    • Barbary pirates of Tripoli - Preyed on American + European commercial vessels

    • 1805 - Jefferson sent Navy + Marines to stop attacks


Chapter 14 - The Ramifications of Slavery

Peculiar Institution

  • Created by John C. Calhoun

  • Was a euphemism used to avoid directly naming slavery

  • Based on the belief that slavery was beneficial to US + slaves

Cotton Kingdom

  • 1800-1865

  • Focused on the importance of cotton to Southern economies

  • Southern economies had ideally suited climate for cash crops

  • Inventions like the cotton gin + screw press made cotton production more efficient

  • Raw material required by Britain + Northern textile factories

Mason-Dixon Line

  • Border between Maryland + Pennsylvania

  • Divided North + South to determine if territories were slave or free states

Cotton Gin

  • 1793

  • Invented by Eli Whitney

  • Used to quickly + efficiently produce more cotton

Slave Codes

  • Tolerated harsh punishment + murder of slaves

  • Enforced white supremacy

  • Slaves were forbidden from owning their own property or traveling freely

  • 1833 - Slave states toughened slave codes

Manumission

  • Formal freeing of slaves

  • Manumission laws were eventually tightened to prevent increase of free African American population

  • Practiced by few slave owners (most kept slaves until they died)

Amistad

  • 1839 - Slaves revolted on slave ship Amistad

  • Helped by John Q. Adams

  • After securing their freedom, they returned to Sierra Leone

Christian Paternalism

  • Southern revivals shared by slaves + slave owners

  • Practicers of Christian paternalism treated their slaves better BUT were against manumission

  • Believed that treating their slaves better would lead them to be more efficient + produce more cotton

Gabriel Prosser

  • 1800 - 1st leader of slave insurrection

  • When his plans were leaked to the governor of Virginia, he was hanged

Denmark Vesey

  • Purchased his education + freedom

  • After reading abolitionist literature, he became very dissatisfied with slavery

  • 1822 - When it was discovered that he was planning a slave revolt, he was hanged

  • Inspired John Brown

Nat Turner

  • Led a successful slave uprising

  • 1831 - After the rebellion he was captured and hanged

  • Resulted in the South tightening their slave codes

Frederick Douglass

  • Abolitionist, author, orator

  • 1841 - Wrote famous abolitionist speeches

  • 1845 - Wrote Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass

  • Published the North Star, an abolitionist newspaper

  • Advisor to John Brown + Abraham Lincoln

  • Inspired abolitionists

Sojourner Truth

  • Abolitionist orator

  • 1826 - Escaped from slavery

  • 1851 - Attended women’s rights convention

Negro Spirituals

  • Combination of African + American influences

  • Used to mix African culture + the experience of being a slave

  • Kept spirits high while slaves were forced to work in the fields

  • Eventually used to send coded messages in the Underground Railroad

Slave Society

  • The more property and slaves a person owned, the more powerful they were

  • Slave posses were used to capture escaped slaves

  • Acceptance of “peculiar institution”

Black Codes

  • Kept free African Americans “in their place”

  • Prevented slave uprisings

  • Led to much racism + discrimination

Hinton R. Helper

  • __1857 __- Wrote The Impending Crisis of the South

    • Attacked slave owners

    • Believed slave states had a weak economy compared to free states

    • Abolitionist message

  • Was still racist, as he wanted to deport African Americans to Africa

Positive Good Theory

  • Created by John C. Calhoun

  • Belief that slaves’ lives were “better” than Africans’ + Northern factory workers’ lives

  • Belief that African Americans needed the guidance of whites, which made them acceptable to serve as slaves

George Fitzhugh

  • Promoter of the positive good theory

  • Believed that a slave society was an ideal society

  • Wanted the expansion of slavery

  • 1854 - Wrote Sociology for the South

Elijah P. Lovejoy

  • Editor + publisher of an abolitionist newspaper

  • Killed by a mob in 1837

William Lloyd Garrison

  • 1831 - Published The Liberator, an abolitionist newspaper

  • Abolitionist societies

  • Fully supported Civil War

  • Beliefs in prohibition + women’s rights

Harriet Tubman

  • 1849 - Escaped slavery

  • Leader of the Underground Railroad

  • Guided 300+ slaves to freedom

  • Nicknamed Moses

Underground Railroad

  • 1840 - Supported emancipation of slaves

  • 1830-1860 - Helped 50,000+ slaves escape

  • Slaves were helped along by Quakers + abolitionists

  • Personal liberty laws protected escaped slaves

American Colonization Society

  • Founded in 1816

  • Had the goal of transporting free African Americans to Africa

  • The Nat Turner rebellion eventually shut down African emigration

BIG PICTURE

  • Slavery + cotton shaped Southern society

  • African slavery - “Positive good”

  • Slaves developed unique culture

  • Abolitionists called for end to slavery

  • South - Pro-slavery + political tactics

  • Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

    • Impressment - Captured + forced Americans into British Navy

    • HMS Leopard (Britain) attacked USS Chesapeake (US)

    • Jefferson protested to Britain → No effect (continued impressment)

  • Jefferson’s philosophy

    • Limit power of federal gov’t

    • Less gov’t spending (reduced size of military)

    • Pay off debts

    • Lowered tariffs + got rid of excise taxes

  • Effects of the War of 1812

    • NA lost land + pushed West

    • Expanded slavery + cotton production in South

    • No territory gained/lost by US + England

    • US became economically self-reliant + increased manufacturing

    • **Era of Good Feelings - One political party → No party conflict

  • Naval problems

    • Barbary pirates of Tripoli - Preyed on American + European commercial vessels

    • 1805 - Jefferson sent Navy + Marines to stop attacks


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