Permanent Mandibular Premolars

Which term is MORE ACCURATE for Mandibular Premolars?

A. Premolars

B. Bicuspids

C. Molars

D. Canines

A. Premolars

• The term “Bicuspids” for Mandibular Premolars is wrong! It is a misnomer.

How many Cusps do Mandibular 2nd Premolars often have?

A. One

B. Two

C. Three

D. Four

C. Three

Permanent Mandibular Premolars

Eruption Dates:

• Mandibular 1st Premolars = ___ – ___ years

• Mandibular 2nd Premolars = ___ – ___ years

Permanent Mandibular Premolars

Eruption Dates

• Mandibular 1st Premolars = 10 – 11 years

• Mandibular 2nd Premolars = 11 – 12 years

Permanent Mandibular Premolars

Universal Number ID

• Perm. Mandibular Right 1

1st Premolar = #___

• Perm. Mandibular Right 2

2nd Premolar = #___

• Perm. Mandibular Left 1

1st Premolar = #___

• Perm. Mandibular Left 2

2nd Premolar = #__

Permanent Mandibular Premolars

Universal Number ID

• Perm. Mandibular Right 1

1st Premolar = #28

• Perm. Mandibular Right 2

2nd Premolar = #29

• Perm. Mandibular Left 1

1st Premolar = #21

• Perm. Mandibular Left 2

2nd Premolar = #20

What is the Crown Outline form of the Mandibular 1st Premolar from a Buccal view?

A. Triangular

B. Oval

C. Pentagonal

D. Rectangular

C. Pentagonal

How is the Root of the Mandibular 1st Premolar described from a Buccal view?

A. Wider Mesial-Distally

B. Narrower Mesial-Distally

C. Same Width Mesial-Distally

D. Wider Buccal-Lingually

B. Narrower Mesial-Distally

What is the Characteristic of the CEJ of the Mandibular 1st Premolar from a Buccal view?

A. Deep, Even Curvature toward Apex

B. Shallow, Even Curvature toward Apex

C. Shallow, Even Curvature toward Occlusal

D. Deep, Even Curvature toward Occlusal

B. Shallow, Even Curvature toward Apex

Where is the Buccal Cusp Tip of the Mandibular 1st Premolar OFFSET to?

A. Distal

B. Mesial

C. Central

D. Lingual

B. Mesial

How does the Mesial Cusp Ridge of the Mandibular 1st Premolar compare to the Distal Cusp Ridge?

A. Longer

B. Same Length

C. Shorter

D. Equal

C. Shorter

Which Cusp Ridge is LONGER on the Mandibular 1st Premolar?

A. Distal Cusp Ridge

B. Buccal Cusp Ridge

C. Mesial Cusp Ridge

D. Lingual Cusp Ridge

A. Distal Cusp Ridge

What is the Characteristic of the Mesial Proximal Surface of the Mandibular 1st Premolar?

A. Convex Outline

B. Flat Outline

C. Concave Outline

D. Irregular Outline

C. Concave Outline

Where is the Mesial HOC/Contact Area of the Mandibular 1st Premolar?

A. Cervical 1/3

B. Occlusal 1/3

C. Middle 1/3

D. Apical 1/3

C. Middle 1/3

The Distal HOC/Contact Area of the Mandibular 1st Premolar is located in which third?

A. Occlusal 1/3

B. Cervical 1/3

C. Apical 1/3

D. Middle 1/3

D. Middle 1/3

From the picture shown, label the following for the Mandibular 1st Premolar.

• 1 =

• 2 (light blue) =

• 3 (orange) =

• 1 = Buccal Ridge

• 2 (light blue) = Mesio-buccal Developmental Depression

• 3 (orange) = Disto-buccal Developmental Depression

From the picture shown of the Mandibular 1st Premolar, The red arrow is pointing at the Buccal Cusp. Where is the Buccal Cusp OFFSET to?

A. Mesial

B. Distal

C. Buccal

D. Lingual

A. Mesial

What Is The Crown Outline Form Of The Mandibular 1st Premolar From A Lingual View?

A. Pentagonal

B. Triangular

C. Oval

D. Rectangular

A. Pentagonal

In Which Direction Does The Root Of The Mandibular 1st Premolar Converge?

A. Toward The Buccal

B. Toward The Distal

C. Toward The Mesial

D. Toward The Lingual

D. Toward The Lingual

The CEJ Of The Mandibular 1st Premolar on the Lingual View Has A Curvature That Is:

A. Deep And Uneven

B. Shallow And Uneven

C. Shallow And Even

D. Deep And Even

C. Shallow And Even

How Does The Lingual Cusp Of The Mandibular 1st Premolar Compare To The Buccal Cusp?

A) The Same Height As The Buccal Cusp

B) Taller Than The Buccal Cusp

C) Shorter Than The Buccal Cusp

D) Absent

C) Shorter Than The Buccal Cusp

Due To The Height Difference Between The Lingual Cusp And The Buccal Cusp, What Can Be Observed On The Mandibular 1st Premolar?

A) Most Of The Buccal Surface Of The Lingual Cusp Is Visible

B) The Lingual Surface Is Completely Hidden

C) Most Of The Lingual Surface Of The Buccal Cusp Is Visible

D) Only The Buccal Surface Is Visible

C) Most Of The Lingual Surface Of The Buccal Cusp Is Visible

The Distal Cusp Ridge Of The Mandibular 1st Premolar Is __________ Than The Mesial Cusp Ridge.

Longer

From the picture shown, label the structures of the Mandibular 1st Premolar of the Lingual View respectively.

• 1 =

• 2 (light blue) =

• 3 (orange) =

• 4 =

• 5 =

• 1 = Lingual Cusp

• 2 = Mesial Cusp Ridge

• 3 =Mesio-lingual Developmental Groove

• 4 = Distal Cusp Ridge

• 5 = Distal Marginal Groove

What Is Unique About The Marginal Ridges Of The Mandibular 1st Premolar Compared To Other Posterior Teeth?

A) They Are Absent

B) They Are At The Same Approximate Heights

C) The Mesial Ridge Is Always More Cervical Than The Distal Ridge

D) The Distal Ridge Is Always More Cervical Than The Mesial Ridge

B) They Are At The Same Approximate Heights

What Is Unique About The Mesial And Distal Contact Areas Of The Mandibular 1st Premolar?

A) They Are Absent

B) They Are At The Same Approximate Heights

C) The Mesial Contact Area Is Always More Cervical

D) The Distal Contact Area Is Always More Cervical

B) They Are At The Same Approximate Heights

On Other Posterior Teeth, How Do The Distal Contacts And Ridges Typically Compare To The Mesial Contacts And Ridges?

A) They Are The Same Height

B) They Are Absent

C) They Are More Cervical

D) They Are More Occlusal

C) They Are More Cervical

What Is The Crown Outline Form Of The Mandibular 1st Premolar From The Mesial View?

A) Trapezoidal

B) Rhomboidal

C) Pentagonal

D) Oval

B) Rhomboidal

From The Mesial View, How Is The Root Of The Mandibular 1st Premolar Oriented?

A) Wider Mesiodistally

B) Narrower Buccolingually

C) Narrower Mesiodistally

D) Wider Buccolingually

D) Wider Buccolingually

What Is The Depth Of Curvature Of The CEJ On The Mandibular 1st Premolar From The Mesial View?

A) Shallow; 0.5mm

B) Deep; 2mm

C) Deep; 1.5mm

D) Shallow; 1mm

D) Shallow; 1mm

What Is The Position Of The Buccal Cusp Of The Mandibular First Premolar From The Mesial View?

A) Lingual Surface

B) Buccal Surface

C) Long Axis

D) Occlusal Table

C) Long Axis

What Is The Slope Of The Occlusal Table Outline And Marginal Ridge Of The Mandibular First Premolar From The Mesial View?

A) 30º

B) 45º

C) 60º

D) 90º

B) 45º

How Is The Buccal Outline Of The Mandibular First Premolar Described From The Mesial View?

A) Almost Convex And Buccally Inclined

B) Almost Concave And Lingually Inclined

C) Almost Straight And Lingually Inclined

D) Almost Curved And Mesially Inclined

C) Almost Straight And Lingually Inclined

From the Picture Shown, What is the Purple Line From the Mesial View of The Mandibular 1st Premolar?

A) Distolingual Groove

B) Mesio-Lingual Groove

C) Buccal Groove

D) Central Groove

B) Mesio-Lingual Groove

Where Is The Mesial Height Of Contour (HOC)/Contact Area Of The Mandibular First Premolar From The Mesial View?

A) Cervical 1/3; Circular To Ovoid

B) Occlusal 1/3; Circular To Ovoid

C) Middle 1/3; Circular To Ovoid

D) Apical 1/3; Circular To Ovoid

C) Middle 1/3; Circular To Ovoid

Relative To The Long Axis, Where Is The Mesial HOC/Contact Area Of The Mandibular First Premolar Located?

A) Lingual

B) Central

C) Buccal

D) Distal

C) Buccal

Where Is The Buccal Height Of Contour (HOC) Of The Mandibular First Premolar Located?

A) Occlusal 1/3

B) Cervical 1/3

C) Middle 1/3

D) Apical 1/3

B) Cervical 1/3

Where Is The Lingual Height Of Contour Of The Mandibular First Premolar Located On The Lingual Cusp?

A) Occlusal 1/3

B) Cervical 1/3

C) Apical 1/3

D) Middle 1/3

A) Occlusal 1/3

• in middle 1/3 of crown or occlusal 1/3 of the lingual cusp

From the Picture Shown, What Tooth Is This, And What View?

Permanent Mandibular Right 1st Premolar, Mesial View, #28

What Is The Form Of The Crown Outline Of The Mandibular First Premolar From The Distal View?

A) Square

B) Triangular

C) Rhomboidal

D) Oval

C) Rhomboidal

How Is The CEJ Curvature Described On The Mandibular First Premolar From The Distal View?

A) Deep, Almost Flat

B) Shallow, Almost Flat

C) Shallow, Highly Curved

D) Steep, Highly Curved

B) Shallow, Almost Flat

How Does The Distal Height Of Contour (HOC) Of The Mandibular First Premolar Compare To The Mesial Contact Area?

A) Smaller

B) The Same Size

C) Slightly Larger

D) Much Smaller

C) Slightly Larger

The Angulation Of The Distal Marginal Ridge Of The Mandibular First Premolar Is:

A) More Steep

B) Less Steep

C) The Same As The Mesial Marginal Ridge

D) Variable

B) Less Steep

From the Picture Shown, What is the Green Line From the Distal View of The Mandibular 1st Premolar?

A) Distolingual Groove

B) Distal Marginal Groove

C) Distal HOC/Contact Area

D) Central Groove

B) Distal Marginal Groove

From the Picture Shown, What Tooth Is This, And What View?

Permanent Mandibular First Premolar, Distal View, #28

What Is The Crown Outline Form Of The Mandibular First Premolar From The Occlusal View?

A) Oval

B) Square

C) Diamond

D) Circular

C) Diamond

The Buccal Cusp Tip Of The Mandibular First Premolar From The Occlusal View Is:

A) Centered

B) Offset To Mesial

C) Offset To Distal

D) Offset To Lingual

B) Offset To Mesial

The Lingual Cusp Tip Of The Mandibular First Premolar From The Occlusal View Is:

A) Centered

B) Offset To Distal

C) Offset To Buccal

D) Offset To Mesial

D) Offset To Mesial

How Is The Mesial Proximal Outline Of The Mandibular First Premolar Described From An Occlusal View?

A) Convex With Greater Curvature

B) Straight To Slightly Concave With Mesiolingual “Notch”

C) Straight With Greater Curvature

D) Concave With No Notch

B) Straight To Slightly Concave With Mesiolingual “Notch”

The Distal Proximal Outline Of The Mandibular First Premolar From An Occlusal View Is:

A) Straight With Mesiolingual “Notch”

B) Slightly Concave

C) Convex With Greater Curvature

D) Straight With Greater Curvature

C) Convex With Greater Curvature

How Is The Mesio-Buccal Line Angle Of The Mandibular First Premolar Described From An Occlusal View?

A) Rounded

B) Sharp

C) Flat

D) Concave

B) Sharp

The Disto-Buccal Line Angle Of The Mandibular First Premolar Is:

A) Sharp

B) Flat

C) More Rounded

D) Concave

C) More Rounded

How Is The Buccal Triangular Ridge Of The Mandibular First Premolar Compared To The Lingual Triangular Ridge?

A) Equal In Size

B) Smaller Than The Lingual Triangular Ridge

C) Greater Than The Lingual Triangular Ridge

D) Absent

C) Greater Than The Lingual Triangular Ridge

From the picture shown, label the structures of the Mandibular 1st Premolar of the Occlusal View respectively.

• 1 (Orange) =

• 2 (Burgundy) =

• 3 (Hot Pink) =

• 4 =

• 5 (Light Blue) =

• 6 =

• 7 =

• 1 (Orange) = Buccal Cusp

• 2 (Burgundy) = Buccal Triangular Ridge

• 3 (Hot Pink) = Lingual Cusp

• 4 = Lingual Triangular Ridge

• 5 (Light Blue) = Mesio-lingual Developmental Groove

• 6 = Distal Marginal Groove

• 7 = Transverse Ridge

From the picture shown, label the structures of the Mandibular 1st Premolar of the Occlusal View respectively.

• 1 =

• 2 (Light Blue) =

• 3 =

• 1 = Buccal Ridge

• 2 (Light Blue) = Mesio-buccal Developmental Depression

• 3 = Disto-buccal Developmental Depression

How Is The Mesial Triangular Fossa Of The Mandibular First Premolar Described?

A) Roughly A Linear Triangle

B) Larger And Rounded

C) Small And Oval

D) Absent

A) Roughly A Linear Triangle

The Distal Triangular Fossa Of The Mandibular First Premolar Is:

A) Larger And More Rounded Than The Mesial Triangular Fossa

B) Smaller And More Linear Than The Mesial Triangular Fossa

C) Equal In Size And Shape To The Mesial Triangular Fossa

D) Absent

A) Larger And More Rounded Than The Mesial Triangular Fossa

What Grooves Radiate From The Mesial Pit Of The Mandibular First Premolar?

A) MB Triangular Groove, ML Developmental Groove

B) DB Triangular Groove, DL Triangular Groove

C) D Marginal Groove, Central Groove

D) ML Triangular Groove, D Marginal Groove

A) MB Triangular Groove, ML Developmental Groove

What Grooves Radiate From The Distal Pit Of The Mandibular First Premolar?

A) MB Triangular Groove, ML Developmental Groove

B) DB Triangular Groove, DL Triangular Groove, D Marginal Groove

C) Central Groove, Mesial Pit Groove

D) ML Triangular Groove, D Marginal Groove

B) DB Triangular Groove, DL Triangular Groove, D Marginal Groove

The Mandibular First Premolar Does NOT Have Which Of The Following Grooves?

A) ML Triangular Groove

B) MB Triangular Groove

C) DB Triangular Groove

D) D Marginal Groove

A) ML Triangular Groove

From the picture shown, label the structures of the Mandibular 1st Premolar of the Occlusal View respectively.

• 1 =

• 2 (Burgundy) =

• 3 (Light Blue) =

• 4 (Pink) =

• 5 (Orange) =

• 6 =

• 7 =

• 8 =

• 9 =

• 1 = Mesial Pit

• 2 (Burgundy) = MB triangular groove

• 3 (Light Blue) = ML Developmental Groove

• 4 (Pink) = Central Groove

• 5 (Orange) = Distal Pit

• 6 = DB triangular groove

• 7 = DL triangular groove

• 8 = D Marginal Groove

• 9 = Secondary Grooves

From the Picture Shown, What Tooth Is This, And What View?

Permanent Mandibular First Premolar, Occlusal View, #28

What Is The Percentage Of Mandibular First Premolars That Have One Root Canal?

A) 50%

B) 60%

C) 70%

D) 80%

C) 70%

The Crown Outline Form Of The Mandibular 2nd Premolar From The Buccal View Is:

A) Pentagonal

B) Rhomboidal

C) Oval

D) Triangular

A) Pentagonal

Compared To The Mandibular 1st Premolar (#28), The Mandibular 2nd Premolar (#29) Is:

A) Smaller

B) Slightly Larger

C) Of The Same Size

D) Larger And Has A More Pointed Cusp

B) Slightly Larger

How Is The Buccal Cusp Of The Mandibular 2nd Premolar Positioned Relative To The Long Axis?

A) Off-Centered To The Buccal

B) Off-Centered To The Lingual

C) Centered Over The Long Axis

D) Angled To The Distal

C) Centered Over The Long Axis

The CEJ Of The Mandibular 2nd Premolar Is Curved:

A) Towards The Occlusal

B) Toward The Mesial

C) Evenly Curved Toward The Apex

D) Toward The Distal

C) Evenly Curved Toward The Apex

How Does The Buccal Cusp Tip Of The Mandibular 2nd Premolar Compare To The Mandibular 1st Premolar?

A) More Pointed

B) More Blunt & Almost Centered

C) Sharper

D) Off-Centered

B) More Blunt & Almost Centered

The Mesial Cusp Ridge Of The Mandibular 2nd Premolar Is:

A) Shorter Than The Distal Cusp Ridge

B) Longer Than The Distal Cusp Ridge

C) Approximately Equal In Length To The Distal Cusp Ridge

D) More Curved

C) Approximately Equal In Length To The Distal Cusp Ridge

The Mesial HOC/Contact Area Of The Mandibular 2nd Premolar Is Located In The _________.

A) Cervical 1/3

B) Occlusal/Middle 1/3

C) Incisal 1/3

D) Apical 1/3

B) Occlusal/Middle 1/3

The Distal HOC/Contact Area Of The Mandibular 2nd Premolar Is Found In The _________.

A) Occlusal/Middle 1/3

B) Cervical 1/3

C) Incisal 1/3

D) Apical 1/3

A) Occlusal/Middle 1/3

From the Picture Shown, What Tooth Is This, And What View?

Permanent Mandibular Right 2nd Premolar, Buccal View, #29

The Crown Outline Form Of The Mandibular 2nd Premolar From The Lingual View Is _________.

A) Rhomboidal

B) Diamond

C) Pentagonal

D) Oval

C) Pentagonal

The Root Of The Mandibular 2nd Premolar From The Lingual View Tapers Toward The _________.

A) Buccal

B) Lingual

C) Occlusal

D) Apical

B) Lingual

The CEJ Of The Mandibular 2nd Premolar From The Lingual View Exhibits An _________ Curvature Toward The Apex.

A) Even

B) Irregular

C) Pronounced

D) Shallow

A) Even

From the picture shown, label the structures of the Mandibular 1st Premolar of the Lingual View respectively.

• 1 =

• 2 =

• 1 = Mesial cervical concavity

• 2 = Distal cervical concavity

The Mandibular 2nd Premolar Generally Has _________ Cusps, Making The Term “Bicuspid” Incorrect.

A) 2

B) 3

C) 4

D) 5

B) 3

Which Cusp Is Larger On The Mandibular 2nd Premolar From The Lingual View?

A) Disto-lingual Cusp

B) Mesio-lingual Cusp

C) Buccal Cusp

D) Occlusal Cusp

B) Mesio-lingual Cusp

The Lingual Groove On The Mandibular 2nd Premolar Splits The _________ Cusp And The _________ Cusp.

A) Mesio-lingual; Disto-lingual

B) Buccal; Mesio-lingual

C) Disto-lingual; Buccal

D) Occlusal; Disto-lingual

A) Mesio-lingual; Disto-lingual

From the Picture Shown, What Tooth Is This, And What View?

Permanent Mandibular 2nd Premolar, Lingual View, #29

The Crown Outline Form Of The Mandibular 2nd Premolar From The Mesial View Is _________.

A) Pentagonal

B) Rhomboidal

C) Oval

D) Circular

B) Rhomboidal

The Root Of The Mandibular 2nd Premolar Is Broader In The _________ Direction.

A) Occlusal-Apical

B) Mesial-Distal

C) Buccal-Lingual

D) Cervical-Apical

C) Buccal-Lingual

The CEJ Of The Mandibular 2nd Premolar Exhibits A More Shallow Curvature Toward The _________.

A) Occlusal

B) Apical

C) Mesial

D) Distal

A) Occlusal

The Buccal Cusp Of The Mandibular 2nd Premolar Is Offset To The _________.

A) Lingual

B) Buccal

C) Mesial

D) Distal

B) Buccal

The Lingual Cusp Of The Mandibular 2nd Premolar Is More Prominent And Slightly _________ Than The Buccal Cusp.

A) Longer

B) Thicker

C) Shorter

D) Wider

C) Shorter

The Mesial Marginal Ridge Of The Mandibular 2nd Premolar Is Almost _________ To The Long Axis.

A) Parallel

B) Perpendicular

C) Oblique

D) Perpendicular

D) Perpendicular

The Lingual Inclination Of The Buccal Cusp On The Mandibular 2nd Premolar Is _________ Compared To The Mandibular 1st Premolar.

A) Greater

B) Less

C) Equal

D) More

B) Less

The Buccal HOC Of The Mandibular 2nd Premolar Is Located In The _________ 1/3.

A) Middle 1/3

B) Cervical 1/3

C) Occlusal 1/3

D) Apical 1/3

B) Cervical 1/3

The Mesial HOC/Contact Area Of The Mandibular 2nd Premolar Is Located Toward The _________ At The Junction Of The Occlusal & Middle 1/3.

A) Lingual

B) Buccal

C) Distal

D) Apical

B) Buccal

The Mesial HOC Of The Mandibular 2nd Premolar Is _________ Compared To The Mesial Contact Of The Mandibular 1st Premolar (#28).

A) Smaller

B) Roughly Circular

C) Less Circular

D) Larger

D) Larger

The Lingual HOC Of The Mandibular 2nd Premolar Is Located In The _________ 1/3.

A) Middle 1/3

B) Cervical 1/3

C) Occlusal 1/3

D) Apical 1/3

C) Occlusal 1/3

From the Picture Shown, What Tooth Is This, And What View?

Permanent Mandibular 2nd Premolar, Mesial View, #29

The Crown Outline Form Of The Mandibular 2nd Premolar From The Distal View Is _________.

A) Pentagonal

B) Oval

A) Rhomboidal

D) Circular

A) Rhomboidal

The CEJ Of The Mandibular 2nd Premolar Is More _________ Compared To The CEJ Of The Mandibular 1st Premolar.

A) Curved

B) Flat

C) Convex

D) Rounded

B) Flat

The Distal Marginal Ridge Of The Mandibular 2nd Premolar Is Located _________ Than The Mesial Marginal Ridge.

A) More Cervically

B) More Occlusally

C) More Buccally

D) More Lingually

A) More Cervically

In The Distal View Of The Mandibular 2nd Premolar, The Lingual HOC Is Located In The _________.

A) Cervical 1/3

B) Occlusal 1/3

C) Middle 1/3

D) Apical 1/3

B) Occlusal 1/3

The Distal HOC/Contact Area Of The Mandibular 2nd Premolar Is Located In The _________.

A) Occlusal/Middle 1/3

B) Cervical 1/3

C) Middle 1/3

D) Apical 1/3

A) Occlusal/Middle 1/3

The Distal HOC/Contact Area Of The Mandibular 2nd Premolar Is Wider _________.

A) Mesio-Distally

B) Occluso-Cervically

C) Buccal-Lingually

D) Apico-Coronally

C) Buccal-Lingually

The Buccal HOC Of The Mandibular 2nd Premolar Is Located In The _________.

A) Occlusal 1/3

B) Cervical 1/3

C) Middle 1/3

D) Apical 1/3

B) Cervical 1/3

The Occlusal Outline Form of The Mandibular 2nd Premolar With A “Y” Type Pattern Can Be _________.

A) Triangular to Pentagonal

B) Square to Pentagonal

C) Circular to Square

D) Rectangular to Circular

B) Square to Pentagonal

From the picture shown, label the structures of the Mandibular 2nd Premolar of the Occlusal View respectively.

• 1 =

• 2 =

• 3 =

• 1 = Buccal Cusp Tip

• 2 = Mesiolingual Cusp Tip

• 3 = Disto-lingual Cusp Tip

From the picture shown, label the structures of the Mandibular 2nd Premolar of the Occlusal View respectively.

• 1 =

• 2 =

• 1 = Mesial Triangular Fossa

• 2 = Distal Triangular Fossa