Patho - Neuromuscular Disorder

Extensors

muscles that increase angle of joint

Flexors

muscles that decrease angle of joint

synergists

assist the agonist muscles by stabilizing a joint / contributing additional forces

Upper Motor Neurons

neurons projected from motor cortex to brain stem or spinal cord, innervate lower motorneurons

Nueromuscular Junction

synapse between motor neuron and skeletal muscle fiber, axont terminals and end plate

Acetylcholine

binds to receptors in end plate of muscle fiber to cause contraction

Basal Ganglia

group of deep, subcortical nuclei that play essential role

Muscular Atrophy

muscle cells shrink in diameter, lost contractile protein and weaken (non genetic)

Muscular Dystrophy

genetic disorders that cause progressive deterioration of skeletal muscles because of muscle cell hypertrophy, atrophy, necrosis

Myasthenia Gravis

disorder of transmission at neuromuscular junction, affects communication between motorneuron and innervated muscle

Myasthenia Gravis

autoimmune, antibody mediated loss of acetylcholine receptors of neuromusclar junction

Peripheral Neuropathy

primary disorder of peripheral nerves, muscle weakness, sensory changes

Carpal Tunnel

major hand nerve compressed, tingling, weakness

Guillian Barre Syndrome

immune response caused by infection,

Multiple Sclerosis

demyelinating disease of CNS

Spinal Cord Injury

damage to neural elements of spinal cord

Hypoxia

decreased O2 with maintained bloodflow

Ischemia

reduced or interrupted blood flow