1M: Intro to Nursing Pharmacology (partial)

bioavailability

bioavailability

refers to the percentage of administered drug available for activity

prodrug

compound metabolized into an active pharmacologic substance

drugs that turn into its active form once it enters the body

half-life

refers to the time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to be reduced by half

steady state

refers to when the amount administered is equal to the amount eliminated

rate in = rate out

loading dose

used to achieve quick therapeutic response

dose-response relationship

refers to the body’s physiologic response to changes in drug concentration at site of action

potency

refers to the amount of drug needed to elicit a specific physiologic response to a drug

maximal efficacy

point at which increasing a drug’s dosage can no longer increase the desired therapeutic level

therapeutic index

relationship between the therapeutic dose (ED50) and toxic dose (TD50) of a drug

agonist

drugs that activate receptors and produce a desired response

partial agonist

drugs that elicits only moderate activity when binding

antagonist

prevents receptor activation and blocks response

drug toxicity

occurs when drug levels exceeds the therapeutic index

tolerance

refers to the decreased responsiveness to the drug

occurs gradually or over the course of therapy

tachyphylaxis

refers to the decreased responsiveness to the drug

occurs after the first dose

placebo effect

psychological in origin but has a physiologic effect

additive

sum of the effect of 2 drugs

synergistic

multiplies the effect of 2 drugs

antagonistic

subtraction of the effect of 2 drugs

stimulation

drugs that enhances intrinsic activities (increase of HR, sweating, RR)

depression

drugs that decrease neural activity and bodily function

irritation

drugs that have a noxious effect

replacement

drugs that can replace certain chemicals in our body

cytotoxic

drugs that selectively kill invading parasites or cancer

antimicrobial

drugs that prevent, inhibit, or kill infectious organisms

1. patient

2. drug

3. dose

4. route

5. time

6. assessment

7. to refuse

8. teaching

9. evaluation

10. documentation

10 rights