PSYC 314 Exam 2 Study Guide - Mood Disorders and Suicide

Clinical Depression

A mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest or pleasure in activities.

Symptoms of Clinical Depression

Changes in appetite, sleep disturbances, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt, difficulty concentrating, and recurrent thoughts of death or suicide.

Mania

A state of abnormally elevated arousal, affect, and energy levels, including symptoms like euphoria or irritability and decreased need for sleep.

Hypomania

A milder form of mania without significant impairment in social or occupational functioning.

Mood Disorder

A category of mental health issues involving significant mood disturbances.

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

Depression related to seasonal changes, typically occurring in winter.

Anhedonia

Inability to feel pleasure.

Bipolar I Disorder

Presence of at least one manic episode, which may be preceded by or followed by hypomanic or major depressive episodes.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Characterized by discrete episodes of major depression.

Double Depression

The occurrence of a major depressive episode on top of a persistent depressive disorder.

Beck's Cognitive Triad

Negative views about the self, the world, and the future that contribute to depression.

Cognitive Distortions

Systematic errors in thinking that reinforce negative beliefs.

Learned Helplessness

Belief that one has no control over outcomes, leading to passive behavior.

Empirically Supported Treatments (ESTs)

Combination of medication and psychotherapies that have been shown effective through research.

Shneidman's Psychache

Intense psychological pain that is associated with suicidal thoughts.

Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)

Chronic depressive mood lasting for at least two years, with symptoms that are less severe than major depression.