Progressive Era (1900-1920) Section: A, B, C, D, & E

Woodrow Wilson (D) 1913-1921 b/g

Nj governor, college professor

Woodrow Wilson (D) 1913-1921 pers

intelligent, well-spoken, distant, serious, and progressive

Underwood Tariff

Revised the tariff and lowered it for the first time since the Civil War

Adamson Act

Code for an eight hour workday for railroad workers

Keating-Owen Act

No child under 14 could work in factories

Federal Trade Commision

Regulated business practices and protects consumers

Federal Reserve Act

It revised the banking system for the first time since the Civil War

1. regulated paper money

2. easier to get loans

3. sert interest rates

Wilson's moral diplomacy

is foreign policy plan of helping democratic nations

1941

WW1 began in his focus, shifted to the war

Muckrakers:

Writers who expose unpleasant problems in American life

Upton Sinclair

wrote "The Jungle"

"The Jungle"

exposed the poor working conditions in the meat industry

Florence Kelley

Was a spokesperson for women, children, and workers

Mainly fought for women's voting rights and better child labor laws

Carrie Chapman Catt

Leader of the N.A.W.S.A. (National American Women Suffrage Association) who fought for the 19th Amendment

19th amendment (1920):

Gave all women the right to vote

W.E.B. DuBois:

African American college professor who encouraged students to go to college, get more education, and try to get involved in politics

Booker T. Washington:

African American teacher and civil rights leader who encourages students to learn trades so they could make money and have better opportunities for themselves

William H. Taft (R) 1909-1913 background

Background: judge, sec. of war, and friend of TR

William H. Taft (R) 1909-1913 personality

Personality: calm, cautious, sensitive, reliable, and hated being president

Taft 1908 election:

Reluctant to run but was pressured by TR and ran out of loyalty

Taft Problems:

He had progressive policies but was often compared to TR, and did not like politics and attention

16th amendment:

The federal income tax

17th amendment:

Direct election of senators

Dept. of labor

government agency that regulates: working conditions, businesses practices, child labor, etc.

Payne-Aldrich Tariff:

Taft claimed to make significant changes to the tariff, but only made minimal changes, which angered progressives

Progressives felt he was being too conservative

Ballingger-Pinchott Affair

Scandal over land in Alaska between members of Taft's staff

Richard Ballingger

Sec. of interior, he was accused of selling land in Alaska to business en and keeping some of the profits

Grifford Pinchott:

US forest service; he complained to Taft because Ballingger broke conservation policies, he was fired by Taft after publicly criticizing him

"Insurgents":

Progressives who began to turn on Taft because they felt he was too conservative.

TR in the Ballingger-Pinchott Affair

Disappointed in Taft, and decided to run for president again

Election of 1912 Taft (R):

He ran out of spite even though he didn't like being president

Election of 1912 TR

Bull moose party

3rd independent party created by TR because the republicans nominated Taft

It was supported by progressives

TR was shot and still gave his speech

Election of 1912 Woodrow Wilson (D):

NJ governor and was new to politics

Election of 1912 Eugene Debs:

Socialist party

4th party that had the support of the laborers/working class

Election of 1912 results

Wilson won mainly due to the split in the votes between Taft and TR

TR Background

Background: Navy officer, police commissioner, New York governor, VP

TR personality

Personality: outspoken, energetic, popular, hardworking, loved being president

1901 TR

1901 - age 42 - TR became the youngest president after McKinley was assassinated

Progressive:

Someone who wants to reform government, protect workers rights, and improve general rights for all people

Bully Pulpit

A term for TR's presidency because he used his power and position as a way to bring change for the good of all the people

Square Deal

The name for TR's programs and policies to provide all US citizens an equal chance to succeed

Trust buster

Nickname for TR because he opposed businesses that were illegal or hurt the public

Trust

Businesses that formed in the late 1800s that tried to dominate an industry and eliminate competition

Northern Securities vs US

TR took a railroad company to court for breaking antitrust laws and he won, forcing the company to break up

Meat Inspection Act

Required safer packaging, production, and dates for meat that would be sold to the public

Pure Food and Drug Act:

Required labels with dates and ingredients on all food and medicine

Hepburn Act

Gave the Interstate Commerce Commissions the authority to regulate railroad and railroad rates

Conservation

policy of protecting natural resources and the environment

Booker T. Washington

Civil rights leader and teacher who was the first African American to go to the White House when TR invited him to talk about race relations

TR Foreign Policy

"Speak Softly and carry a big stick"

Roosevelt Corollary

The US would have international police to protect its land, investments, and resources

Panama Canal

TR offered $10 mil. To Colombia for permission to build a canal. Colombia said no, so TR backed up Panama in a revolt against them (Colombia)

Panama Canal Results

US built the canal and had easier access from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean

1908 Election

TR chose to follow tradition and not run