malaria in Mauritius

What type of strategy was used in Mauritius to fight malaria?

Top-down national campaign.

Where is Mauritius located?

Small island in the Indian Ocean.

When did malaria become endemic in Mauritius?

Mid-19th century.

What happened in the 1867 malaria epidemic in Mauritius?

It killed 1/8 of the population.

When was the first major malaria eradication campaign in Mauritius?

1948–1951.

What did the first malaria campaign in Mauritius use?

DDT spraying on buildings and breeding sites.

What was the impact of the first campaign on mortality?

Mortality fell from 6 per 100 (1943) to 0.6 per 1000 (1951).

When was Mauritius declared malaria-free by the WHO?

1973.

Why was a second campaign needed in Mauritius?

Cyclone Gervais in 1975 led to reintroduction via migrant workers.

When was the second malaria elimination campaign in Mauritius?

1982.

What methods were used in the second campaign?

Spraying breeding sites, introducing predatory fish, chloroquine distribution.

How did Mauritius prevent reintroduction of malaria after 1998?

Passenger screening at airport and extended symptom surveillance.

How many people are screened annually at Mauritius' airport?

175,000.

What happens to passengers with malaria symptoms in Mauritius?

They are monitored for up to 4 months.

What ongoing preventive measure continues in Mauritius?

Indoor and outdoor insecticide spraying.

How many imported malaria cases has Mauritius had since 1997?

Only one.

What does the Mauritius case study show about top-down strategies?

They can successfully eliminate and prevent reintroduction of disease.