Revolutions (1750-1900) Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary from the Revolutions (1750-1900) unit, focusing on the Enlightenment, key thinkers, and major political and industrial revolutions.

Enlightenment

Challenged traditional ideas about government and society, emphasizing reason, individualism, and secularism.

John Locke

Advocated for natural rights: Life, liberty, and property.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Emphasized the collective will of the people and advocated for popular sovereignty and a more egalitarian society.

Voltaire

Championed civil liberties, including freedom of speech and religion, and opposed the Catholic Church's influence.

Montesquieu

Advocated for the separation of powers into executive, legislative, and judicial branches to prevent tyranny.

Mary Wollstonecraft

Advocated for gender equality and women's education in 'A Vindication of the Rights of Woman.'

Adam Smith

Advocated for free markets and limited government intervention in 'The Wealth of Nations.'

Immanuel Kant

Emphasized individual moral autonomy and encouraged the use of reason and questioning of authority with the motto 'Dare to know!'

American Revolution

Influenced by Enlightenment ideas like liberty and democracy, leading to the Declaration of Independence.

French Revolution

Overthrew the monarchy and established the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen.

Haitian Revolution

The first successful slave-led revolution, inspired by liberty and equality.

Industrial Revolution

Began in Britain due to coal, capital, and innovations like the steam engine; transformed economies and societies globally.