Individual Differences in Choice Lecture

A collection of flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to individual differences in decision-making, focusing on neurotransmitters, hormones, and their impact on behavior.

Neurotransmitters

Chemical messengers produced in the brain that transmit signals across synapses.

Hormones

Chemical substances produced outside the brain that regulate various functions and processes in the body.

Dopamine

A neurotransmitter associated with reward-seeking behavior and the motivation to pursue rewards.

Serotonin

A neurotransmitter that influences mood, cognition, and inhibition of reward-seeking behaviors, generally linked to feelings of safety.

Risk Attitudes

Individual preferences and behaviors related to the acceptance or avoidance of risk.

Time Preferences

Individual preferences regarding the value of immediate versus delayed rewards.

Oxytocin

A hormone that promotes social bonding and trust but does not significantly influence reciprocity.

Testosterone

A hormone that influences aggression, risk-taking, and can affect social behavior and dominance.

Dopaminergic Reward System

A brain pathway involving dopamine that is critical for reward processing and motivation.

Aging and Decision-Making

The gradual decline of dopamine levels and receptors with age, impacting decision-making processes.

Individual Risk Attitudes

The relationship of neurotransmitter levels (like dopamine and serotonin) to a person's inclination towards risk-taking or avoidance.

Social Preferences

The influence of hormones like oxytocin and testosterone on social behaviors such as trust and reciprocity.

Challenge Hypothesis

A theory that explains how testosterone levels may regulate competitive behaviors based on social challenges.