Upper GI tract

Upper GI bleeds where?

ABOVE Duodenojejunal junction

Lower GI bleeds where?

LOWER Duodenojejunal junction

What can you find in the upper GI tract ?

Oesophagus , stomach , duodenum

What can you find in the lower GI tract ?

jejunum , small + large intestines , rectum , snus , caecum

Where does the oesophagus terminate ?

At the cardia

Describe where the cardia can be found

Left 6th cc - posterior

Describe where the fundus can be found

5th left rib - posterior

Describe where the greater curvature can be found

passes inferiorly left at 10th left cc before turning to the middle → then going to pyloric antrum

Describe where the lesser curvature can be found

passes from the right side of the cardia to pyloric antrum

Describe where the phyloric parts can be found

9th cc → L1

Describe where the pylorus can be found

L2-L4

What is the blood supply to the stomach

Celiac trunk

Role of the gastric fold

Help push food to the pyloric sphincter

where does the coeliac trunk arise from

arises from the anterior aspect of the aorta at the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm (T12 level).

The left gastric artery comes from what + supplies blood to what ?

Comes from celiac artery 

supplies blood to stomach and osephagus + lesser curvature of the stomach

The right gastric artery comes from what

comes from =hepatic artery

What does the left and right gastric artey come together to form ?

forms an anastomosis on the LESSER curvature of the stomach and forms an arterial arcade.

What does the left gastro-omental artery arise from ?

splenic artery

What does the right gastro-omental artery arise from ?

gastroduodenal artery

What does the left and right gastro-omental artery come together to form ?

forms an anastomosis on the GREATER curvature of the stomach and forms an arterial arcade.

What does the short gastric artery supply

Fundus

The portal vein is formed from what?

SMV + SPLENIC VEIN

Where does the right gastro - omental vein drain and run along ?

Drains into - SMV

Runs along - greater curvature 

Where does the left gastro - omental vein drain and run along ?

Drains into - splenic

Runs along - lesser curvature 

Describe the innervation of the stomach ?

Sympathetic = From T6–T9 spinal segments via the greater splanchnic nerves

Parasympathetic = From vagus nerve (CN X).

-Anterior vagus trunk (left vagus) supplies the anterior surface

-Posterior vagus trunk (right vagus) supplies the posterior surface

What is the portal triad

hepatic artery proper , portal vein and bile duct.

The right hepatic arteyr supplies

right lobe of the liver + gives off the cystic artery to the gall bladder

Why is the 1st part of the Duodenum is not classed as a retroperitoneal organ ? 

because it has the greater and lesser omentum associated with it

describe where the parts of the Duodenum is located.

1st = L1

2nd = Longest , L2-L3

3rd = L3

4th = L3 then rises superiorly to L2

What structures open up to the major duodenal papilla (landmark to dictate where the foregut and mid separate)

The bile duct and the main pancreatic duct

What supplies the 1st and 2nd parts of the duodenum , in terms of blood supply?

are supplied via the supraduodenal and gastroduodenal arteries and branches of the latter, the superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries.

What supplies the 3rd and 4th parts of the duodenum , in terms of blood supply?

the SMA gives rise to inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery directly which supplies the 3rd and 4th part of the duodenum

What is the jejunum and ileum innervated by?

In terms of Parasympathetic innervation = vagus nerve In terms of sympathetic innervation, = lesser splanchnic nerve

What is the difference between the jejunum and the illium.

jejunum = thick and wide wall +. tube , has arterial arcade , but more long straight vessels

Illium = Thin tube + wall , more vasarecta (more arches then straight lines)

Where does the jejunum and illium drain : in terms of lymphatics.

Super mesenteric lymph node then to the thoracic duct