Skeleton 1

Compact Bone

Outside of the bone, extremely dense, mostly used for support

Trabecular Bone

The vascular inside of the bone

Subchordial

Referring to the region just beneath the cartilage surface of a bone

Chordial

Relating to the cartilage of a bone, often associated with joint surfaces.

Diaphysis

The ‘shaft’ of a long bone, mostly made of compact bone to bare more weight

Epiphysis

The end part of a long bone, responsible for joint articulation and growth.

Metaphysis

The area between the epiphysis and diaphysis, involved in the growth of long bones.

Synerthrosis Joints

No movement, skull

Amphiarthrosis

Joints that allow slight movement.

Vertebrae and Pelvis

Synovial Joints

Free movement joints

Saddle Joint

ex Thumb

Periosteum

Membrane of vascular tissue around the outer surface of the bone

Endosteum

Thin membrane lining the inner surface of the bone.

Hydroxyapatite

A mineral compound that forms the crystalline structure of bone, providing strength and rigidity.

Osteoblast

Bone-forming cell that synthesizes bone matrix and is involved in bone mineralization.

Osteocytes

Bone maintaining cells

Osteoclast

Bone reabsorbing cells

Osteon

Basic structural unit of bone

Haversion Canal

The central channel in an osteon that contains blood vessels and nerves.

Volkmans Canal

A channel that connects Haversian canals, allowing for the passage of blood vessels and nerves between osteons.

Notochord

Defining feature of vertebrea’s, helps form other tissue like the spinal chord

Blastula

Single layer of cells

Gastula

Three layers of cells

Gastrilization

the process during which the blastula develops into the gastrula, forming three distinct layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.

Mesoderm

Layer that forms connective tissues

Ectoderm

Layer that forms the nervous system

Endoderm

Layer that forms the gastrointestinal system

Mesenchyme

Where embryonic connective tissue forms

Neural Plate

Beginning of the nervous system

Neural Fold

Crease on the neural plate that later folds into the neural tube

Neurolation

The process of the neural fold folding into the neural tube

Somite

Precursor to cells, surrounds the neural tube

Sclerotome

Somite that forms into the postcranial skeleton

Dermatome

Somite that forms into skin cells

Myotome

Somite that forms into muscle cells

Phenyngal arches

Form the cranial skeleton

Arch 1

Forms the maxilla, mandible and incus

Arches 2+3

Form the hyoid, temporal, stapes

Arch 4

Form Larynx cartilage

Osteogenesis

Bone growth/Ossification

Endochondral Ossification

Bones start out as cartilage, postcranail skeleton (- clavicle)

Chondorocytes

Cartilage model of bone

Primary Ossification Center

Where cartilage begins to disintegrate and from spongey bone

Secondary Ossification Site

In the epiphysis of the bones

Nutrient Foramen

At the primary ossification site, points to the growing end

Growing End

First end to form and last end to finish growing

Intramembrane Ossification

Connective fibers tissue forms straight into bone (no cartilage), Cranium and clavicle

Both Endochondral and Intramembrane

Occipital, temporal, sphenoid (base of the skull)

Calcification

Hydroxyapatite deposits crystals make bones hard

Lysosomes

Digest collagen and hydroxyapatite

Ossification Begins

Week 6 or 7 of embryonic development

Frontallels

Soft spots on a babies head

Bregmatic Phontelle

The last to close (3 of 4yrs) on the very top of the head