APUSH amsco 2.3 vocab

Cecil Calvert, Lord Baltimore

Catholic noble who founded Maryland (1632) intended as a haven for persecuted Catholics.

Act of Toleration (1649)

Maryland law granting religious freedom to all Christians; first colonial statute on toleration.

Roger Williams

Banished Puritan minister who founded Providence (1636); supported religious freedom and fair land dealings with Natives.

Providence

Settlement in Rhode Island that allowed worship freedom for all and recognized Native land rights.

Anne Hutchinson

Puritan dissenter who taught antinomianism and founded Portsmouth (1638).

Antinomianism

Belief that faith alone brings salvation, opposed strict Puritan teachings.

Rhode Island

Colony founded by Williams and Hutchinson, noted for religious tolerance.

Halfway Covenant (1660s)

Allowed partial church membership for Puritan children to maintain church influence.

Quakers (Religious Society of Friends)

Persecuted sect believing in inner light, equality, and pacifism.

William Penn

Quaker leader who founded Pennsylvania (1681) promoting tolerance and fair treatment of Natives.

Holy Experiment

Penn's plan for Pennsylvania as a religious refuge and liberal government.

Charter of Liberties (1701)

Pennsylvania constitution guaranteeing freedom of worship and a representative assembly.

Jamestown (1607)

First permanent English settlement, founded by Virginia Company.

Captain John Smith

Leader who enforced discipline, helping Jamestown survive its early years.

John Rolfe

Experimented with tobacco, making it profitable, married Pocahontas.

Pocahontas

Daughter of Powhatan chief who helped Jamestown’s survival and encouraged peace.

Virginia

First royal colony (1624) after the Virginia Company's charter was revoked.

Plymouth Colony (1620)

Founded by Separatists/Pilgrims; wrote Mayflower Compact; aided by Natives.

Separatists

Radical dissenters wanting a complete break from the Church of England.

Pilgrims

Separatists who founded Plymouth, celebrated the first Thanksgiving.

Mayflower

Ship carrying Pilgrims that landed in Massachusetts instead of Virginia.

Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630)

Founded by Puritans with a royal charter, centered in Boston.

Puritans

Moderate dissenters wanting to purify the Church of England.

John Winthrop

Puritan governor envisioning the colony as a 'city upon a hill'.

Great Migration (1630s)

Approximately 15,000 Puritans left England for Massachusetts.

Thomas Hooker

Founded Hartford (1636) and helped write the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut.

John Davenport

Founded New Haven (1637), later merged into Connecticut.

Connecticut

Known for the Fundamental Orders (1639) providing broad self-rule.

New Hampshire

Separated from Massachusetts Bay in 1679; became a royal colony.

The Carolinas

Land grant to nobles (1663); split into South Carolina and North Carolina.

New York

Taken from Dutch (1664) and granted to the Duke of York.

New Jersey

Split from New York (1664), became a royal colony (1702).

Pennsylvania

Quaker colony founded by William Penn, known for the Holy Experiment.

Delaware

Lower three counties of Pennsylvania; gained separate assembly (1702).

Georgia (1732)

Last colony, founded as a defensive buffer vs. Spanish Florida.

James Oglethorpe

Philanthropist and first governor of Georgia; initially banned slavery.

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639)

First written constitution providing for elected legislature and governor.

Frame of Government (1682–1683)

Penn’s plan guaranteeing representative assembly and religious toleration.

Virginia House of Burgesses (1619)

First representative assembly in the colonies with power over taxes and laws.

Mayflower Compact (1620)

Pilgrims’ agreement to rule by majority decision, early self-government example.

Corporate colonies

Run by joint-stock companies for profit.

Royal colonies

Under direct control of the king.

Proprietary colonies

Controlled by individuals granted charters.

Virginia Company

Joint-stock company that founded Jamestown.

Chesapeake colonies

Region of Virginia and Maryland focused on tobacco.

Joint-stock company

Business model where investors pooled resources for profit.