ap latin final exam 7.27 review

similie

comparison using like or as

metaphor

comparison through a figurative use of words

regular meter

consistent rhythmic pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables

ellision

the act of partially suppressing the end of a word

alliteration

repetition of the same initial consonant sound

anaphora

repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, sentences, or lines

parallel structure

repetition of phrases, clauses, or sentences

chiasmus

two corresponding pairs are arranged in inverted order (ABBA)

synchysis

interlocking work order (ABAB)

enjambment

the delay of a final word of a phrase, clause, or sentence to the beginning of the following line

epistle

letter

epic poetry

high stylized, long-established genre of poetry telling the story of a figure

polyptoton

repetition of the same root in different forms; ex. ridebis, et licet rideas

asyndeton

omission of conjunctions

polysydeton

repeating conjunctions in close succession

litotes

using the negative of its contrary; ex. not unworthy = worthy

ellipsis

omission of word/words required for a clause to be understood

dative of indirect object

“to” or “for” someone/something

agnoscitque narratam sibi effigiem

dative of indirect object (to him)

puer puellae rosam dat

dative of indirect object

dative of possession

shows ownership with is/are (esse); (X has Y)

est mihi liber

dative of possession

dative of reference

“for x” or “to/against X”

hoc tibi scribo

dative of reference

dative of agent

shows who must do it

hoc nobis faciendum

dative of agent (this must be done by us)

dative of purpose

what something is “for”

dative with compound verb

an indirect object, like giving, showing, or being subject to someone/something

auribusque praetendere

dative with compound verb (and to shield his ears [prae=before, tendere=to hold])

dative of reference

“for x” (advantage) or “to/against x” (disadvantage)

iubet sterni sibi

dative of reference (he orders (blankets to be ordered FOR him)

crescente formidine

ablative absolute (with growing fear)

gerund

verbal noun, doesn’t agree with GNC because it’s a non itself

gerund genitive, dative, accusative, and ablative

-ndi, -ndo, -ndum, -ndo

ablative of means

by/with what tool or means something is done

macie et squalore

ablative of means (by means of emaciation and foulness)

ablative of description

provides descriptive detail about a noun's quality, size, age, or other traits

promissa barba horrenti capillo

ablative of description (with a hanging (uncut) beard and bristling hair)

ablative of place where

shows where an action happens

cruribus compedes, manibus catenas

ablative of place where (shackles on his legs, chains on his hands)

ablative of price/penalty

the specific cost or penalty of something

damnata solitudine

ablative of price/penalty (having been condemned by an uninhabited state)

ablative of comparison

noun being compared with comparative adjective

longiorque causis timoris

ablative of comparison "([their] fear was longer than the causes of the fear”

objective genitive

genitive noun is the recipient of the action; “the [activity] of the [noun]”

historical infinitives in 7.27

concuti, moveri, tollere, remittere, offimare

historical infinitive

infinitive functions as main verb; “was verbing”

similis vocanti

dative with special adjective (similar to calling)

genitive of possession

shows ownership or relationship, translated with "of" or 's

illa scribentis capiti

genitive of possession (the head of the one writing)

ablative of specification

specifies in what way something is true, answering "in respect to what?" or "in what regard?"

quasi gravis vinculis

ablative of specification (as if heavy (weighed down) by chains)

ablative of separation

shows something being removed from or freed from something else, answering "from where/whom/what?

domus…manibus caruit

ablative of separation (the house is freed from spirits)

What is the central question Pliny asks Sura at the beginning of the letter?

Whether ghosts have their own form and divine power (numen), or are empty visions created by our fear.

Who was Curtius Rufus, and what appeared to him in Africa?

He was an obscure attendant to the governor. A woman of superhuman size and beauty appeared to him.

What prophecy did the figure give to Curtius Rufus?

That he would go to Rome, hold high offices, return to Africa with supreme power, and die there.

Describe the appearance of the ghost in the Athenian house.

An old man, thin and filthy, with a long beard and bristling hair, wearing shackles on his legs and chains on his hands.

Why was the house in Athens "abandoned and condemned to solitude"?

Because the ghost's rattling chains and terrifying appearance caused residents to die of fear and illness.

Who was Athenodorus, and why did he rent the haunted house?

A philosopher who, suspicious of the low price, investigated the story and rented it specifically to face the ghost.

How did Athenodorus focus his mind while waiting for the ghost?

He asked for writing tablets (pugillares), a stylus, and a lamp, focusing his mind, eyes, and hands on writing.

How did the ghost signal Athenodorus to follow him?

It beckoned with its finger (innuebat digito) like someone calling.

What was found when the magistrates dug up the spot where the ghost vanished?

Bones entwined in chains (ossa inserta catenis).

How does Pliny interpret the cutting of his servants' hair in hindsight?

As a sign that he escaped danger (referring to a legal charge under Domitian), since defendants usually grew their hair long.

strepitus

a clattering or loud noice

vilitas

cheapness