GEN BIO MODULE 1

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Reproduction

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36 Terms

1

Reproduction

creation of offspring

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2

sexual and asexual

Two types of reproduction

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3

sexual production

the formation of an offspring by fusing a male gamete and a female gamete to form a zygote

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4

Asexual reproduction

the development of progeny without the union of egg and sperm

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5

fission

the separation of a parent into two or more individuals of about the same size

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6

budding

new individuals emerge from the outgrowths of existing ones

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7

fragmentation

the breaking of the body into fragments, some of which develop into adults and others which do not.

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8

Fragmentation

must be accompanied with REGENERATION

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9

Regenaration

the regrowth of bodily components that have been lost.

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10

parthenogenesis

the formation of a new human from an unfertilized egg

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11

twofold cost of sexual reproduction

sexual females have half as many daughters as asexual females

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12

sexually

every eukaryotic creature reproduces ___

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13

Genetic recombination

occurs as a result of sexual reproduction which has potential benefits

  1. a rise in offspring variety

  2. increased parental reproductive success in changing conditions

  3. rise in adaption rate

  4. bad genes are eliminated

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14

hermaphroditism

each person has both male and female reproductive systems

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15

Fertilization

is a fundamental aspect of sexual reproduction

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16

External Fertilization

occurs when a females egg are fertilized by the sperm from the outside world

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17

Internal Fertilization

happens when sperm are implanted in or near the female reproductive system

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18

by Meiosis

diploid sporophytes create spores which develop into HAPLOID GAMETOPHYTES

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19

by mitosis

gametophytes create HAPLOID GAMETES; fertilization of gametes results in a sporophyte.

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20

Sporophyte

or huge plant, is the dominant generation in angiosperms

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gametophytes

have shrunk in size and are completely reliant on the sporophyte for nutrition

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22

flowers, double fertilization, Fertilization, and fruits

the angiosperm life cycle is defined by 3 fs:

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23

Double fertilization

a pollen grain develops a pollen tube that spreads between the cells of the style toward the ovary after landing on a receptive stigma. The pollen tube releases two sperm into the embryo sac resulting to

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24

Plant fertilization endosperm

is formed when one sperm fertilized the egg and the other sperm joins with the polar nuclei resulting in TRIPLOID FOOD-STORING ENDOSPERM

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25

Fragmentation

common method of asexual reproduction in which a parent plant is divided into fragments that mature into entire plants,

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26

apomixis

asexual seed generation from a diploid cell

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27

vegetative reproduction

another name for asexual reproduction

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28

clones from cutting

asexual reproduction occurs when plant fragments called CUTTINGS are used to replicate asexually.

when a stem is cut, a CALLUS arises, which is a mass of proliferating undifferentiated cells that creates adventitious root

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29

Grafting

____ a twig or bud onto a plant of a closely related species or variation is possible.

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30

cleavage

is a rapid, repeated cycles of mitotic cell division in which the embryos overall size does not change.

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31

blastula

following cleavage, the developing embryo is referred to as

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32

gastrulation

the remarkable rearrangement of cells in the blastula to generate the embryonic tissue layers is known as

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33

organogenesis

is the process of cell division and differentiation that leads to the creation of organs and tissues.

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34

gastrulation and organogenesis

the last two steps collectively contribute to morphogenesis or the biological processes that determine an organisms shape and body organization.

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35

embryo development

frequently comes before endosperm development

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36

endosperm

stores nutrients that can be utilized by the seedling in most monocots and some eudicots

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