PSYC464 chapter 14 review

recent imaging studies in people with CUD have demonstrated some evidence of abnormalities or alterations in several brain structures, including the _____

orbitofrontal cortex, temporal lobe, hippocampus, and amygdala

all of following are withdrawal symptoms observed following long-term heavy marijuana use except

increased sleep

which statement about the mechanism of CBD action is true?

it may enhance the activity of the endocannabinoid system by inhibiting the breakdown of endogenous cannabinoids

all of the following are effects that have been correlated with chronic use of marijuana except

development of anxiety disorders

a meta-analysis of research published between 2009-2019 suggests that roughly ______ of cannabis users meet the criteria for CUD

20%-25%

which of the following is not a known adverse reaction to marijuana?

nausea and gastrointestinal upset

in _____ withdrawal, mice that have been habituated to chronic THC are administered the CB1 ______

precipitated; antagonist SR 141716A

marijuana-induced deficits in memory can be reduced by pretreatment with

cannabidiol (CBD)

which statement about the endocannabinoids is true?

they include arachidonic derivatives such as 2-AG and anandamide

_______ increases blood flow in the striatum, amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus, and anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal cortex, while ______ has the opposite effect

THC; CBD

the major psychoactive ingredient of the marijuana plant is

delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol

the cannabinoids are known for their effectiveness in treating ____; one drug approved in the United States treatment of infants with this issue is the drug _____

seizures; epidiolex

which statement about the four stages that describe the subjective marijuana experience is false?

during the high, people are most likely to report changes in perceptions and time sense

which statement regarding treatment of CUD is true?

it could someday include the use cannabinoid agonist to moderate marijuana cravings

one of the most reliable psychological effects of cannabis use in humans is

increased hunger

which statement about the uses of marijuana is false?

hemp was originally grown in colonial America for its psychoactive properties

which statement regarding the most prevalent CNS cannabinoid receptor is false?

it is an ionotropic receptor, designated CB1

recreational synthetic cannabinoids differ from THC in that they are ______ agonists at the CB1 and CB2 receptors and have ______ effects

full; more potent

people with CUD are more likely than average to have

another substance use disorder

the amount of active ingredient absorbed during marijuana smoking depends on all of the following except for the

psychological state of the user

human studies have shown that marijuana use produces deficits/decreases in all of the following except

appetite

a major risk of using an herbal preparation containing synthetic cannabinoids is

higher potency and possibility of super concentrations or hot spots; areas where drug is more concentrated in the formula

oral administration of marijuana

leads to reduced blood levels due to first pass metabolism and breakdown of the drug in the stomach

tolerance to THC

has been measured in terms of decreases in CB1 receptor densities

which drug is a CB1 antagonist?

rimonabant

which of the following is not a form of marijuana or cannabis derivative?

anadamide

animal studies on the rewarding effects of cannabinoids have demonstrated

the importance of using low THC doses and pre-exposure to the drug

if a person has parents that have cannabis abuse or dependence (CUD), their risk of also having the disorder is

50%-60%

which of the following is not an effect of precipitated withdrawal from cannabinoids?

decreased grooming behavior

inhibition of ______ is not a possible effect of cannabinoids on the CB1 receptor

K+ channel opening

which statement concerning marijuana use in the United States is the most accurate?

the prevalence of drug use, including marijuana use, declines with age

endocannabinoids contribute to retrograde signaling in the hippocampus, striatum, and cerebellum by

inhibiting Ca2+ mediated vesicular neurotransmitter release

harry anslinger

was the first US commissioner of narcotics

CUD and cannabis tolerance has been shown to result in ____ levels of glutamate in certain brain areas and may be responsible for the ______ in people with CUD

lower; cognitive deficits

you would expect that experimentally decreasing 2-AG breakdown in hippocampal glutamatergic neurons in mice would lead to which behavior

decrease in anxiety

the relationship between chronic marijuana use and educational achievement

may be explained by the social environment of marijuana users and their values concerning education

neurochemical changes associated with a marijuana abstinence syndrome include

increased CRF release in the amygdala

brain areas with high expression of cannabinoid receptors are _____ with the behavioral effects of cannabinoids on ______

consistent; locomotor activity, coordination, and memory

which statement regarding the drug SR 141716A is false

it reduces depressive-like behaviors

the reinforcing effects of cannabinoids are dependent on ______ and involve ______

CB1 receptors: increased dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens

concerning the time course of THC levels and route of administration

plasma levels of THC peak more rapidly following injection or smoking that via oral administration of the drug

to study the role of endogenous cannabinoids, scientists have used mice genetically engineered to lack _____ receptors and these knockout mice show _____

CB1; increased anxiety