ch 17

one gene one enzyme

what hypothesis did beatle and tatum propose?

one gene one polypepide

instead of the hypothesis beatle and tatum originally proposed, what is a better hypothesis name?

DNA transcription factors DNA polymerase ATP nucleotides

the necessary molecules for transcription: ___: the template from which mRNA is transcribed from, ___________ _______: proteins attach to a specific spot on DNA (TATA box), ___ ___________: enzyme that unwinds DNA and adds nucleotides to create mRNA, ___: energy is required, ___________: make up mRNA

mRNA proteins box enzyme unwinds nucleotides energy mRNA

why molecules are necessary for transcription: DNA: the template from which ____ is transcribed from, transcription factors: ________ attach to a specific spot on DNA (TATA ___), DNA polymerase: ________ that _______ DNA and adds ________ to create mRNA, ATP: _______ is required, nucleotides: make up _____

nucleus

where does transcription occur

free ribosomes

where does translation occur

antisense strand

on which strand of DNA does transcription occur on

okay !!!

look at your question of the day about comparing/contrasting DNA and RNA !!!

transcription

the process in which genetic information is copied from DNA to RNA

3

how many nucleotides long are codons

20

there are __ amino acids in our body that need to be coded for so for codons, 4^1 doesnt work (4), 4^2 doesnt work (16) but 4^3 (64) does!

rules genetic material proteins

genetic code: the set of ______ by which information encoded in _______ _________ (dna or rna sequences) is translated into ________ (amino acid sequences) by living cells

degenerate mutations

because genetic code is _________: more than one codon can code for the same amino acid - this means some __________ go unnoticed

transcription factors promoter region unwinds ribonucleoside triphosphates 2 phosphates antisense 5’ 3’ U template RNA polymerase introns

TRANSCRIPTION!

__________ ______ bind to the TATA box, which initiates transcription. then RNA polymerase binds to a _______ ______ of the DNA and _______ the DNA strands, also adding ___________ ___________/RNA nucleotides.

the loss of _ _________ provies the required energy. this is all occuring on the ___________ strand of DNA. mRNA is created in the _ to _ direction. also, complementary pairing occurs (example: A codes for _).

then, RNA detaches from the ________ and DNA rewinds, and the ___ _________ detaches from DNA. also, many polymerases can follow each other and _______ must be removed in eukaryotes to create mature mRNA.

introns

noncoding segment of nucleic acid that lie between coding segments of nucleuc acids in the nucleus

exons

coding segments of nucleic acids that are eventually translated into amino acids

editing introns exons

the spliceosome is the molecule that does all the _________! it cuts the _______ out and joins the ______ back together

translation

the process of making polypeptides (aka proteins) and using mRNA as a template

AUG methionine

the start codon is ___ and codes for the amino acid __________

ribosomal RNA messenger RNA transfer RNA

rRNA is, mRNA is, and tRNA is

nucleolus nucleus

rRNA is made in the _________ and tRNA is made in the ________

small subunit large subunit start codon complementary methionine AUG peptide bond 5’ 3’ detaches enzymes stop codon

TRANSLATION!

mRNA binds to the ______ _______ of the ribosome, then the _____ ________ attaches

the ribosome slides along with mRNA to the ______ ______, anticodon of tRNA pairs with codon on mRNA

____________ base pairing (codon and anticodon)

anticodon of tRNA with _________ pairs with start codon (___), second tRNA pairs w next codon

the bond between the amino acids is a ________ _____

ribosome moved along mRNA by one codon, in __ to __ direction

tRNA that lost its amino acids ________, another tRNA pairs with the next codon

tRNA activating ________ link amino acids to specific tRNA and the ____ ______ is eventually reached

mRNA nucleotide triplet on DNA position

codons are located on the __ molecule, are complementary to the ______________, and determine the _________ of the amino acid

tRNA mRNA codon

anticodons are located on the __ molecule, complementary to ______, and bring the specified amino acid by the _______