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one gene one enzyme

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1

one gene one enzyme

what hypothesis did beatle and tatum propose?

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2

one gene one polypepide

instead of the hypothesis beatle and tatum originally proposed, what is a better hypothesis name?

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3

DNA transcription factors DNA polymerase ATP nucleotides

the necessary molecules for transcription: ___: the template from which mRNA is transcribed from, ___________ _______: proteins attach to a specific spot on DNA (TATA box), ___ ___________: enzyme that unwinds DNA and adds nucleotides to create mRNA, ___: energy is required, ___________: make up mRNA

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4

mRNA proteins box enzyme unwinds nucleotides energy mRNA

why molecules are necessary for transcription: DNA: the template from which ____ is transcribed from, transcription factors: ________ attach to a specific spot on DNA (TATA ___), DNA polymerase: ________ that _______ DNA and adds ________ to create mRNA, ATP: _______ is required, nucleotides: make up _____

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5

nucleus

where does transcription occur

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6

free ribosomes

where does translation occur

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7

antisense strand

on which strand of DNA does transcription occur on

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8

okay !!!

look at your question of the day about comparing/contrasting DNA and RNA !!!

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9

transcription

the process in which genetic information is copied from DNA to RNA

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10

3

how many nucleotides long are codons

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11

20

there are __ amino acids in our body that need to be coded for so for codons, 4^1 doesnt work (4), 4^2 doesnt work (16) but 4^3 (64) does!

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12

rules genetic material proteins

genetic code: the set of ______ by which information encoded in _______ _________ (dna or rna sequences) is translated into ________ (amino acid sequences) by living cells

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13

degenerate mutations

because genetic code is _________: more than one codon can code for the same amino acid - this means some __________ go unnoticed

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14

transcription factors promoter region unwinds ribonucleoside triphosphates 2 phosphates antisense 5’ 3’ U template RNA polymerase introns

TRANSCRIPTION!

__________ ______ bind to the TATA box, which initiates transcription. then RNA polymerase binds to a _______ ______ of the DNA and _______ the DNA strands, also adding ___________ ___________/RNA nucleotides.

the loss of _ _________ provies the required energy. this is all occuring on the ___________ strand of DNA. mRNA is created in the _ to _ direction. also, complementary pairing occurs (example: A codes for _).

then, RNA detaches from the ________ and DNA rewinds, and the ___ _________ detaches from DNA. also, many polymerases can follow each other and _______ must be removed in eukaryotes to create mature mRNA.

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15

introns

noncoding segment of nucleic acid that lie between coding segments of nucleuc acids in the nucleus

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16

exons

coding segments of nucleic acids that are eventually translated into amino acids

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17

editing introns exons

the spliceosome is the molecule that does all the _________! it cuts the _______ out and joins the ______ back together

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18

translation

the process of making polypeptides (aka proteins) and using mRNA as a template

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19

AUG methionine

the start codon is ___ and codes for the amino acid __________

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20

ribosomal RNA messenger RNA transfer RNA

rRNA is, mRNA is, and tRNA is

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21

nucleolus nucleus

rRNA is made in the _________ and tRNA is made in the ________

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22

small subunit large subunit start codon complementary methionine AUG peptide bond 5’ 3’ detaches enzymes stop codon

TRANSLATION!

mRNA binds to the ______ _______ of the ribosome, then the _____ ________ attaches

the ribosome slides along with mRNA to the ______ ______, anticodon of tRNA pairs with codon on mRNA

____________ base pairing (codon and anticodon)

anticodon of tRNA with _________ pairs with start codon (___), second tRNA pairs w next codon

the bond between the amino acids is a ________ _____

ribosome moved along mRNA by one codon, in __ to __ direction

tRNA that lost its amino acids ________, another tRNA pairs with the next codon

tRNA activating ________ link amino acids to specific tRNA and the ____ ______ is eventually reached

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23

mRNA nucleotide triplet on DNA position

codons are located on the __ molecule, are complementary to the ______________, and determine the _________ of the amino acid

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24

tRNA mRNA codon

anticodons are located on the __ molecule, complementary to ______, and bring the specified amino acid by the _______

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