7 - Mass Society and Democracy

assembly line

a manufacturing method created by Henry Ford that allowed much more efficient mass production of goods - goods would be transferred down a line in which multiple persons would help build the product

mass production

production of goods in quantity, usually by machinery

feminism

the movement for women’s rights

suffrage

the right to vote

ministerial responsibility

the idea that the prime minister is responsible to the popularly elected legislative body and not to the king or president

modernism

a movement in which writers and artists between 1870 and 1914 rebelled against the traditional literary and artistic styles that had dominated European cultural life since the Renaissance

abstract

a style of art, emerging around 1910, that spoke directly to the soul and avoided visual reality by using only lines and color

psychoanalysis

a method by which a therapist and patient probe deeply into the patient’s memory; by making the patient’s conscious mind aware of repressed thoughts, healing can take place

Social Darwinism

 theory used by Western nations in the late nineteenth century to justify their dominance; it was based on Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection, “the survival of the fittest,” and applied to modern human activities

Zionism

an international movement originally for the establishment of a Jewish national homeland in Palestine, where ancient Israel was located, and later for the support of modern Israel

In the Second Industrial Revolution, what innovations opened up new industrial frontiers

steel, chemicals, electricity, and petroleum

In the nineteenth century, people's lives became more clearly divided into periods of work and leisure as a result of

industrialization

Sigmund Freud claimed that human behavior was ruled b

repressed childhood experiences.

The implementation of ministerial responsibility in Western European governments was a sign that

democracy was expanding.