Improvement in food resources

What are the steps of agricultural activities

What are the steps of agricultural activities

• crop variety management

• crop variety improvement

• crop variety protection

What is ‘‘acronym’’ for Crop improvement

YARMIC

Define Nutrients

Food required by the plant composed of certain chemical elements.

What are all the ‘‘macro-nutrients’’?

nitrogen. phosphorus. potassium. calcium. magnesium, sulphur

What are all the ‘‘micro-nutrients’’? (7)

iron, manganese, boron. zinc. copper. molybdenum, chlorine

What is manure

Manure helps in enriching soil with nutrients and organic matter and increasing soil fertility. Manure is prepared by the decomposition of animal excreta and plant waste.

Advantages of manure (4)

• Helps in improving the soil structure.

• Help in avoiding water logging.

• protecting environment from excessive use of fertilizers.

• A way of recycling farm waste.

What is Compost

Farm waste like livestock excreta, vegetable waste, domestic waste etc. is decomposed in pits in a process, called composting. compost is rich in organic matter and nutrients

What is Vermi-compost

Compost made using earthworms to hasten the process of decomposition is called Vermi-compost.

What is Green Manure

Mulching of plants like Sun hemp or guar which aids in the replenishment of which helps in enriching the soil in nitrogen and phosphorus.

what is Mycorrhiza and state its advantages

Mycorrhiza- symbiotic association of certain fungi with roots of higher yield plants

1. increases water nutrient uptake by plants

2. increases growth and yield and the plants.

What are Biofertilizers

Organisms which enrich the soil with nutrients by adding microbes to soil

• Used for specific crop plants like pulses, legumes, oil seeds, and rice.

• Renewable and non-polluted sources of plant nutrients

What are Biofertilizers role?

Role

• Not an alternative to chemical fertilizers but plays a supplementary role.

• Supply nitrogen to specific crops under specific soil conditions.

What are types of Biofertilizers

Examples:

• Nitrogen-fixing microorganisms.

• Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms.

What is Organic Farming

Organic farming is a farming system with minimal or no use of chemicals as fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides etc.

what does Organic Farming use? (4)

1. recycled farm-wastes (straw and livestock excreta,

2. Bio-agents such as culture of blue green algae in preparation of biofertilizers

3. neem leaves or turmeric specifically in grain storage as bio-pesticides,

4. healthy cropping systems [mixed cropping, inter- cropping and crop rotation

Irrigation



Ensuring that the crops get water at the right stages during season can increase the expected yields of any crop.

Check Dam

+ Ground water

- Soil erosion = cuz rainwater no flows

What is advantage for Mixed Cropping

Maximum utilisation of the nutrients supplied, and preventing pests and diseases from spreading to all the plants belonging to one crop in a field.

Advantages of crop rotation

1. Controls pests and weeds.

2. Reduces the need of fertilizers.

3. Several crops may be grown with only one soil preparation i.e. ploughing).

4. The soil may be utilised more completely by alternation between deep and shallow rooted crops.

Protection Mechanisms ( 6 pints )

1. Pesticides

2. Mechanical Weed Removal

3. Proper seed bed preparation,

4. Timely sowing of crops, intercropping and crop rotation

5. Use of resistant varieties,

6. Summer ploughing