MUSIC REVIWER

PINPEAT is a Cambodian musical ensemble or orchestra. 

·        It is usually accompanied by ceremonial music of the royal courts and temples.

·        Is analogous to the piphat ensemble of Thailand.

INSTRUMENTS USED IN PINPEAT ENSEMBLE 

Skor Thom(membranophone). 

                           two big drums (similar to taiko drums of Japan) played with drumsticks                                                                                                                

Samphor (membranophone) 

                           a double-headed drum played with hands

Oneat

                             Xylophones (Idiophone) 

 Kongvong (idiophone) 

                               Gong circle

Chhing (idiophone) 

                               Finger cymbals

 Khloy (aerophone)

                               An ancient traditional bamboo flute from Cambodia.

GAMELAN is the traditional ensemble music of Indonesia

·        Gamelan is the most popular music in Indonesia

·        It came from the words in Javanese gamel (hammer) and Balinese gambeli (to play musically)

·        In Java, music is usually used for court ceremonies.

·        In Bali, music is usually used in sacred ceremonies.

INSTRUMENTS USED IN GAMELAN ENSEMBLE 

Metallophones

                                  a musical instrument consisting of tuned metal bars that are struck to make sound,                   

                                  usually with a mallet.

Gongs 

                                 percussion instruments that have a unique, bowl-like appearance, and a round  knob      

                                 in the center.

Kedang                

                  is a two-headed, hand-played drum used in the Gamelan ensembles of Java and Bali 

Suling or Seruling

                                  an Indonesian bamboo ring flute.

   Bonang 

                                  a collection of small gongs (sometimes called "kettles or pots" placed horizontally  

                                   onto strings in a wooden frame (rancak), either one or two rows wide. 

THE MUSIC OF MYANMAR IS THE SAUNG ENSEMBLE

SAUNG ENSEMBL is an arched harp, it is known as the national musical Burmese instrument

INSTRUMENTS USED IN SAUNG ENSEMBLE

                                                                   Saung Ensemble is made of padauk, the famous Myanmar                                                                                       

                                                                    mahogany: strings from silk and flat bar from cutch wood covered    

                                                                   with female deer’s leather.

THE MUSIC OF THAILAND IS THE PIPHAT ENSEMBLE

·        Thai music acquired great influences from Chinese

·        musical elements and principles from the Indians

·         Indonesians for their musical instruments specifically strings and gong-chimes.

PIPHAT ENSEMBLE

·        Made up of percussion and wind instruments.

·        Mid-sized orchestra that performs in funerals, cremation ceremonies, traditional dance drama,

              and shadow puppet theater performances.

INSTRUMENTS USED IN PIPHAT ENSEMBLE

Pi nai

                       Has 6 holes, through which it can make varying sounds and 22 pitches. Also, a form of oboe,

                       and is classified under the Thai wind instrument category.

Ranat Ek

                      Thai musical instrument in the percussion family consists of 21 wooden bars suspended by

                      cords over a boat-shaped trough resonator and struck by two mallets.

Khong wong

                        A gong circle used in Thai classical music. It has 18 tuned bossed gongs.

Taphon

                        It is the most commonly used drum in Thai folk music. Is a drum that provides rhythm in  

                        piphat ensemble similar to the skor thom of Cambodia

Klong that

                        Is a drum that provides rhythm in  

                        piphat ensemble similar to the skor thom of Cambodia

Ching

                        are finger cymbals played in Cambodian and Thai theater and dance ensembles.

ART REVIEWER

THAILAND

·        THAI SILK is produced from the cocoons of Thai silkworms. It is mainly produced in Khorat which is the center of the silk industry in Thailand.

·        FLYING LANTERNS are made out of rice paper with a bamboo frame, which contain a fuel cell or small candle.

·        The most notable sculptures are the Thai bronzes famous for their originality and grace.

·        This famous sculpture in Wat Pho in Bangkok is 46 meters long and 15 meters high. It is made of plaster on a brick core and finished in gold leaf. The feet are inlaid with mother of pearl.

CAMBODIA

·        SILK WEAVING in Cambodia dates to as early as the first century since textiles were used for trading.

·        IKAT TECHNIQUE (Khmer term: chongkiet) To create patterns, weavers tie and dye portions of weft yarn before weaving begins

·        UNEVEN TWILL It yields single or two-color fabrics, which are produced by weaving three threads so that the "color of one thread dominates on one side of the fabric, while the two others determine the color on the reverse side."

·        Handicrafts are part of their traditional culture and their livelihood as they produce textiles, baskets, jars, pottery, and other tools for their daily use.

·        The art of stone carving has flourished in Cambodia. From small statues to the breathtaking carvings found at Angkor Wat, this art medium has become one of the country's most cherished art forms.

INDONESIA

·        Wayang, in modern Indonesian language means "show" or "perform".

·        Wayang Kulit is a type of puppet shadow play performed around the Indo-Malayan archipelago, tracing its origins to India.

·        Indonesia is known for its stone, bronze, and iron-aged arts. The native Indonesian tribes usually create sculptures that depict ancestors, deities, and animals.

·        From the classical Hindu-Buddhist era of Indonesia, the most prominent sculptures are the hundreds of meters of relief and hundreds of stone Buddha at the temple of Borobudur in central Java.

BRUNEI

·        Brunei's traditional textile is also called batik but it is uniquely different

·        Its designs have their national flower simpur, sumboi-sumboi (pitcher plant), and Brunei's traditional design of air muleh.

LAOS

·        In this country, they make paper by hand

·        If Cambodia has stone carvings, Lao artisans use a variety of media in their sculptural creations. Typically, the precious metals such as bronze, silver, and gold are used.

·        The most famous statue made of gold is the Phra Say of the sixteenth century, which the Siamese carried home as loot in the late eighteenth century.

VIETNAM

·        Vietnamese SILK PAINTING is one of the most popular forms of art in Vietnam

·        Vietnamese silk paintings typically showcase the countryside, landscapes, pagodas,historical events, or scenes of daily life.

·        Among the famous sculptures is the 10,000- year- old carvings which can be seen on the Dong Noi cave.

·        The Dong Son culture is famous for its kettledrums, small carvings, and home utensils, which have handles sculpted in the shape of men, elephants, toads, and tortoises.

·        Mourning houses erected to honor the death of the Gia Rai and Ba Na ethnic groups are symbolized by statues placed in front of the graves.

MALAYSIA

·        Wau Kite in Malaysia is a uniquely designed Malaysian kite called 'Wau'.

·        Most of Malaysia’s sculptures are relief. These are partially carved into or out of another surface.

·        Relief sculpture is practiced today by artists and architects, done with stone, marble, bronze, and many other substances.

BRUNEI

·        The songkok or peci or kopiah is a cap widely worn in Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, the southern Philippines and southern Thailand. Mostly among Muslim males in formal situations.

·        Sculpture in Brunei takes on a more utilitarian role than an aesthetic one. The people of Brunei have a long tradition as excellent craftsmen using bronze and silver to create adornments and functional items such as bowls, tools, and the like.

SINGAPORE

·        SRI MARIAMMAM HINDUTEMPLE This was constructed and dedicated to the goddess Mariamman who is worshipped for her power to cure diseases

·        THE MERLION was conceived because the Singapore Tourism Board (STB) felt the country lacked a distinct image representing the nation and its history.

INDONESIA, MALYSIA, AND SINGAPORE

·        The fabric most common to both countries is the BATIK.

·        There are two main types of batik that are produced: HANDPAINTED AND BLOCKPAINTED

·        The term “batik” is an Indonesian-Malay word, believed to be related to the Malay word “titik”, which means ‘point’, ‘dot’ or ‘drop’.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION REVIEWER

FITNESS is defined as a condition in which an individual has enough energy to avoid fatigue and enjoy life. 

Health-Related Fitness (HRF) 

It is the ability to become and stay physically healthy. 

Components: 

·        Cardiovascular fitness -  the ability of the heart and lungs and blood vessels to deliver oxygen to working muscles and tissues as well as the ability of those muscles and tissues to utilize the oxygen. 

Physical Fitness Test: 3 minutes Step Test- this is to measure cardiovascular endurance. 

·      Muscular strength and Endurance

 Muscular Strength refers to the maximum amount of force a muscle can exert against an opposing force

Physical Fitness Test: Basic Planking-to measure strength /stability of the core muscles

Muscular Endurance refers to the ability of the muscles to do repeated work over an extended period of time without fatigue.

Physical Fitness Test: 90 degree Push-Ups- to measure the strength of upper extremities

·        Flexibility - is the ability to move a body. part through a full range of motion (ROM) at a joint.

Physical Fitness Test: Zipper Test & Sit and Reach- to test the flexibility of upper and lower extremities. 

·      Body Composition - is the ratio of body fat to lean body mass (including water, bones, muscles, and connective tissues)

Physical Fitness Test: 90 degree Push-Ups- to measure the strength of upper extremities

Skill-Related Fitness (SRF)

enhances or focus on the performance in athletics sport events. 

Components: 

·        AGILITY- is the ability to move in different directions quickly using a of balance, combination 

coordination, speed, strength and endurance.

Physical Fitness Test: Hexagon Agility Test - to measure the ability of the body to move in different directions quickly 

·        BALANCE- is the maintenance of equilibrium while stationary or while moving. 

Physical Fitness Test: Stork Balance Stand Test - to assess one's ability to maintain equilibrium 

·        POWER- is the ability of the muscle to transfer energy and release maximum force at a fast rate. 

Physical Fitness Test: Standing Long Jump - to measure the leg strength and power 

·        SPEED- is the ability to perform a movement in one direction in the shortest period of time. 

Physical Fitness Test: 40 meters’ sprint - to measure running speed 

·        COORDINATION- is the ability to use the senses with the body parts to perform motor tasks smoothly and accurately. 

Physical Fitness Test: Paper Juggling - to measure the coordination of the eye and hand 

·      REACTION TIME - is the amount of time to respond to a stimulus.

Physical Fitness Test: Stick Drop Test - to measure the time to respond to a stimulus is the amount of time to respond to a stimulus. 

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HEALTH REVIEWER

                                                                            --SEXUALITY--

• Is everything about being a male or a female

• Is the most important aspect in masculine or feminine identification.

• Your assigned gender at birth and/or the gender of your reproductive organs

• Is a social concept on how a man and a woman should think, feel, and act

                                                                             --GENDER—

• Refers to femininity or masculinity of a persons’ role and behavior as defined by society

                                                                       --BIOLOGICAL SEX--

• attributes such as anatomy, chromosomes, and hormones that is usually assigned at birth and inform whether a person is male, female, or intersex.

                                                                    --GENDER IDENTITY--

• An individual’s internal sense of being a man and a woman.

                                                                 --GENDER EXPRESSION--

• the ways in which a person manifests masculinity, femininity, both, or neither through appearance, behavior, dress, speech patterns, preferences, and more.

                                                              --ROMANTIC ORIENTATION--

Who you are romantically attracted to meaning wanting to be in a romantic relationship with and is unrelated to sexual attraction.

                                                                  --SEXUAL ORIENTATION--

Who you are sexually attracted to meaning who you have a feeling to the person by or who you would want to engage in sexual behaviors with.

Dimensions of Human Sexuality

Human Sexuality involves at least three dimensions:

• Biological Dimension

• Psychological Dimension

• Sociocultural Dimension

                                                    --SOCIAL HEALTH--

concerns are life situations that can be addressed through education about sexuality and society-wide actions in order to promote the sexual health of individuals. The health sector has a role to play in assessment, and in providing counselling and care.

                                                                  --SEXUAL IDENTITY—

is complex; it exists on multiple continuums, which together encompass infinite variability and possibility. Gender Identity, Sexual Orientation and Romantic Orientation are three integral components of sexual identity. Each component exists independently, yet they also intersect in ways that form a person's overall sexual identity.

                                                                   --SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR--

• is a process by which humans and other animals demonstrate and/or express sexuality.

• Is the manner in which humans experience and express their sexuality.

                                                           --SEXUAL HEALTH CONCERN--

• Sexual health concerns related to emotional attachment

• Sexual health concerns related to reproduction

• Sexual health concerns related to gender

• Sexual health concerns related to body integrity and to sexual safety

                                                        --FACTORS AFFECTING HUMAN SEXUAL--

                      SELF PEERS, FRIENDS, BEHAVIOR, FAMILY, SCHOOL, CHURCH, MASS MEDIA

                                                                         --IDENTITY CRISIS--

                                                                       TEENAGE CONCERNS

• The Failure to achieve one’s identity during adolescence

• One of the most important conflicts people face in development.

• Time of intensive analysis and exploration of different ways of looking at oneself.