Experiment 14: Bile

a. blue

b. yellow

c. red

Reaction of bile to pH indicators:

a. Litmus paper

b. Phenophthalein

c. Congo red

7-8.4

Normal pH of bile

chlorides and sulfates

Inorganic consituent present in bile

2 parts NaCO3 (Sodium carbonate)

1 part KNO3 (Potassium Nitrate)

Fusion mixture components

a. Bilirubin

b. Biliverdin

c. Bilicyanin

Test for Bile pigments:

a. gives red color

b. gives green color

c. gives blue color

Gmelin's test and Rosenbach's modification of gmelin's test

Tests for pigments in bile

HNO3

Reagents used for detection of pigments

Pettenkofer's test

Foam test

Hay's test

Tests for Bile acids and bile salts

Sucrose-H2SO4 test

Another name for Pettenkofer's test

surface tension test

Another name for Hay's test

Red ring

Positive result for pettenkofer's test

sucrose sol'n and H2SO4

Reagents for pettenkofer's test

pink color

Positive result for foam test

furfural solution and H2SO4

Reagents for foam test

sinking of sulfur

Positive result for hay's test

Liebermann-Buchard test

Test for cholesterol in bile

green ring

Positive result for liebermann-buchard test