Untitled Flashcards Set

Macronutrients

Essential nutrients required by plants in large quantities, including primary nutrients like Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K), and secondary nutrients like Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), and Sulfur (S).

Mobile Nutrients

Nutrients that can move within a plant; deficiencies are first observed in older leaves (examples include Nitrogen, Phosphorus).

Immobile Nutrients

Nutrients that remain fixed in the plant tissue where absorbed; deficiencies are first observed in younger leaves (examples include Calcium, Iron).

Commensalism

A type of species interaction where one species benefits while the other remains unaffected.

Mutualism

A type of species interaction where both species benefit from the relationship.

Bioaccumulation

The gradual buildup of toxins in an organism over time.

Biomagnification

The increase in concentration of toxins as they move up the food chain.

Null Hypothesis (H0)

A statement assuming no effect or difference exists between groups in a statistical test.

Alternative Hypothesis (HA)

A statement proposing that there is an effect or difference between groups in a statistical test.

P-Value

A statistical measure that helps determine the significance of results; p-value ≤ 0.05 indicates a significant result.

Mean

The average value calculated by dividing the sum of all values by the number of values.

Standard Deviation (SD)

A measure of the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values.

Degrees of Freedom (DF)

A parameter used in statistical tests, calculated as n - 2.

Gram-positive bacteria

Bacteria that have a thick peptidoglycan layer and stain purple in Gram staining.

Gram-negative bacteria

Bacteria with a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane that stain pink in Gram staining.

Autotrophs

Organisms that produce their own food, such as plants and some bacteria.

Heterotrophs

Organisms that cannot produce their own food and must consume other organisms, including herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores.

Age Pyramid: Expansive

An age pyramid shape indicating a large number of young people and a high birth rate.

Age Pyramid: Stationary

An age pyramid shape showing an even distribution across age groups with low birth and death rates.

Age Pyramid: Constrictive

An age pyramid shape indicating a small proportion of young people and an aging population.