Ancient Greece

Fresco

The art of painting on freshly spread moist lime plaster with water-based pigments

The art of painting on freshly spread moist lime plaster with water-based pigments

Fresco

Strait

A comparatively narrow passageway connecting two large bodies of water

A comparatively narrow passageway connecting two large bodies of water

Strait

Epic

A long narrative poem in elevated style recounting the deeds of a legendary or historical hero

A long narrative poem in elevated style recounting the deeds of a legendary or historical hero

Epic

Agora

A gathering place

especially : the marketplace in ancient Greece

A gathering place

especially : the marketplace in ancient Greece

Agora

Oration

A formal speech

A formal speech

Oration

Phalanx

A body of heavily armed infantry in ancient Greece formed in close deep ranks and files

A body of heavily armed infantry in ancient Greece formed in close deep ranks and files

Phalanx

Citizen

a: a native or naturalized person who owes allegiance to a government and is entitled to protection from it

She was an American citizen but lived most of her life abroad.

b: a member of a state

a: a native or naturalized person who owes allegiance to a government and is entitled to protection from it

She was an American citizen but lived most of her life abroad.

b: a member of a state

Citizen

Tyrant

a: an absolute ruler unrestrained by law or constitution

b: one resembling an oppressive ruler in the harsh use of authority or power

a: an absolute ruler unrestrained by law or constitution

b: one resembling an oppressive ruler in the harsh use of authority or power

Tyrant

Aristocracy

1: government by the best individuals or by a small privileged class

4: a class or group of people believed to be superior (as in rank, wealth, or intellect

1: government by the best individuals or by a small privileged class

4: a class or group of people believed to be superior (as in rank, wealth, or intellect

Aristocracy

Assembly

A group of people gathered for discussion and legislation (to make laws).

A group of people gathered for discussion and legislation (to make laws).

Assembly

Jury

A group of people who are members of the public and are chosen to make a decision (verdict) in a legal case.

A group of people who are members of the public and are chosen to make a decision (verdict) in a legal case.

Jury

Government

A group of people who make and change laws for a place or organization.

A group of people who make and change laws for a place or organization.

Government

Monarchy

Rule by a single person

Rule by a single person

Monarchy

Oligarchy

Government by the few

Government by the few

Oligarchy

Democracy

Form of government in which the people elect representatives to make decisions, policies, laws, etc. according to law

Form of government in which the people elect representatives to make decisions, policies, laws, etc. according to law

Democracy

Constitution

A system of beliefs and laws by which a country or state is governed; a document that describes this system.

A system of beliefs and laws by which a country or state is governed; a document that describes this system.

Constitution

Minority

A part of a population thought of as differing from the rest of the population in some characteristics and often subjected to differential treatment

A part of a population thought of as differing from the rest of the population in some characteristics and often subjected to differential treatment

Minority

Majority

A number or percentage equaling more than half of a total

The group or political party having the greater number of votes (as in a legislature)

A number or percentage equaling more than half of a total

The group or political party having the greater number of votes (as in a legislature)

Majority

Alliance

An association to further the common interests of the members

An association to further the common interests of the members

Alliance

Civil War

A war between opposing groups of citizens of the same country

A war between opposing groups of citizens of the same country

Civil War

What peninsula is Greece a part of?

The Balkan Peninsula

What divides the peninsula into isolated valleys?

Mountains.

How much of Greece is covered by mountains?

About three fourths

What is the highest mountain called

Mount Olympus

What is the terrain of the islands?

They are rocky

They didn’t create a large empire but they built many what?

City - states

What did this lead too?

Endless rivalry and frequent wars.

What was a vital link to the world outside?

The seas

What were the three seas?

Mediterranean, Aagean, and Ionian

What united the people of Greece?

The seas.

What did the bays provide?

Harbor for the ships

What were they skilled at?

Sailing

What products did they carry on the ships?

Olives, oil, wine, marble

What did they return with?

Grains and metals, ideas

Were residents loyal to Greece, or their city - state?

Their city - state.

• On what island did the Minoans build their brilliant early civilization?

• The island of Crete.

• Since the success of the Minoans depended on trade, what did they acquire through their contacts with Egypt and Mesopotamia?

• Ideas and technology that they adapted to their own culture.

• Name and describe the palace of the Minoans.

• The palace of the Minoans was called The Palace at Knossos, a vast palace with many kinds of rooms for everything they could ever need and beautiful frescoes on many walls.

• Around 1400 BCE, the Minoan civilization mysteriously disappeared.  What are the three possible reasons for the collapse of the Minoan civilization?

• Sudden volcanic eruption

• 2.  An earthquake

• 3.  A tidal wave

• 4.  Invaders

My 6-8 sentence Summary: 

The King of Crete, King Minos, asks the City of Athens every year to send him seven men and seven women to be sent into the labyrinth as food for the minotaur. Every year, the people who go to Crete go in the labyrinth, and die a horrible death to the minotaur. One year, the king of Athens son, Theseus, hears about this and vows to stop it so he goes next to the minotaur and fights him. After a long, hard battle Theseus prevails, and he finds his way out of the labyrinth using a string the King Minos’s daughter has given him. They sail back to Athens together, but Theseus leaves the king’s daughter on an island because she likes him but he does not like her. In the hectic of that, he forgets to turn his sails to white and his father thinks he is dead and gets so sad he jumps off a cliff and kills himself. His name was Aegeus, and that is why the Aegean Sea has its name.

• Where were the Mycenaeans located?

• They were located on the Greek mainland.

• Like the Minoans, what was the success of the Mycenaeans based on and what locations did they sail to?

• Trade - Sicily, Italy, Egypt, and Mesopotamia.

• How did the Mycenaeans live on the mainland?

• They lived in separate city - states.

Trojan war - around what year

•  1250 BCE

Trojan War: between which two civilizations

• The Mycenaeans and the Trojans

Trojan War: what is the romantic legend associated with this conflict

• The Trojans kidnapped Helen, a beautiful woman, and the Mycenaeans went to rescue her

Trojan War: REAL REASON!

Economic Rivalry

what was the result of the Trojan War

• The Greeks seized Troy and burned the city to the ground

• What happened to the Mycenaeans after the fall of Troy?

They crumbled under the attacks of sea raiders.

My top 5 situations/highlights of the Trojan War - in chronological order:

1. Paris kidnapping Helen

2. King Agamemnon steals Briseis and Patroclus gets killed by Hector

3. Achilles kills Hector

4. Achilles gets shot in the ankle

5. The Trojan Horse

1. What is the Greek word for an ancient Greek city-state?

Polis

1. From the geography of ancient Greece, why did the city-states develop differently from one another unlike the common city-states of Mesopotamia and Egypt?

• Mountains were a barrier between them → limited communication and transportation.

Acropolis

• raised center area of a polis that contained governmental and religious buildings

Agora

• the marketplace of the polis →”The Hub” →center for trade, culture, and politics.

List the common ways that citizens participated in the city-states?

Government, religious ceremonies, defense and economy (trade).

In the Greek city-states, what were the two requirements of participating in the government?

• You had to be male and you had to be born inside the city - state.

Which groups were not allowed to participate in the daily activities of the government?

• Women, slaves, and visitors.

Due to isolation that was produced by the mountains of southern Greece, this city-state became suspicious of outsiders and their ideas.  Therefore, travel was restricted to and from this city-state.

Sparta

Due to its proximity(closeness) to the Aegean Sea, this city-state encouraged travel and trade which helped spread and bring in ideas and new goods and create relationships with other places around the Mediterranean.

Athens

Claims to be the birthplace of democracy - “the rule of the people.”

Athens

Had an oligarchy (rule of a few) with two kings who led the city-state as well as serving as generals in the army.

Sparta

Main law-making body was the Assembly - a gathering place for all citizens to meet, discuss, and make laws/decisions.

Athens

Women did not participate in politics.

Both

City-state included a class of helots - a group of captured individuals who became slaves.  Many were needed so this city-state could concentrate their time and effort to their daily, military exercises.  

Sparta

Women has no rights and subject to the household

Athens

Women had some rights - more than any other city-state

Sparta

Strong navy

Athens

Strong army

Sparta

Taught reading, writing, math, music, poetry, philosophy and more in schools or academies.

Athens

Boys taken from parents at age 7 to start training for life in the military.  Learned the art of warfare and survival skills.

Sparta

Military camp for only two years from age 18-20.

Athens

Age 20, placed in ranks of military and at age 30, could marry but still lived in army housing.

Sparta

Education was important to the people of this city-state as they believed their government was dependent on having well-prepared citizens.  Educated citizens would result in a stronger government.

Athens

Girls received little to no education - only taught spinning, weaving and other household duties.

Athens

Girls educated in subjects and could participate in gymnastics and other sports. This was thought to produce strong, healthy babies.

Sparta

Women enjoyed freedoms - could move around, own property and looked over property when husband was away.

Sparta

Women were kept at home and considered property of their husbands

Athens

Simple Lifestyle - no luxuries

Sparta

Democracy with the rule of the people

Athens

Enjoyed luxuries and foods from all over their empire due to their ability to travel and trade.

Athens